Kabalevsky, Dmitri (1904-87) Russian; Moscow-based from 1918
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (Socialist Realist)
Genre Profile:  222---2200---0202---201---22---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  stage works & derivative orchestral suites---piano (solo, w/orch.)---concs.---syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Over. to (the opera) Colas Breugnon [orch.] (1938) . . . The Comedians [suite for small orch. from incidental music to the play Inventor & Comedian] Op.26 (1940) . . . 24 Preludes [pf] Op.38 (1943-4)
Musical Influences:  -Borodin; MIASKOVSKY; Prokofiev; Scriabin; -Tchaikovsky; folk music

Kagel, Mauricio (1931-) Argentinian; Cologne, Germany-based from 1957
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde (Experimentalist)
Best Known For:  multimedia dramatic music/music theatre/film scores---chamber music---magnetic tape-based pcs
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; ---Beethoven; Berg; Cage; -Satie; Schoenberg; Webern
Has Influenced:  Holliger

Karg-Elert, Sigfrid (1877-1933) German; Leipzig-based from c1883
Style/Period:  Impressionist
Best Known For:  solo organ & harmonium---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . Nun danket alle Gott [org] Op.65 no.59 (1908-10)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Debussy; Grieg; Reger; Schoenberg; Scriabin; Baroque music

Khachaturian, Aram (1903-78) Armenian; Moscow-based from 1921
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (Socialist Realist)
Genre Profile:  222---2200---0122---202---20---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  concs.---ballets---syms.---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Conc. in D flat (1936) . . . Violin Conc. in D minor (1940) . . . Sabre Dance (from the ballet Gayane) [orch.] (1942, r1957) . . . Cello Conc. (1946) . . . Spartacus [ballet] (1954, r1968), incl. 'Adagio of Spartacus & Phrygia' [orch.]
Musical Influences:  -Borodin; Gershwin; Glazunov; Glière; MIASKOVSKY; Prokofiev; Ravel; Rimsky-Korsakov; +Shostakovich; -Tchaikovsky; ARMENIAN & OTHER FOLK MUSIC

Kodály, Zoltán (1882-1967) Hungarian; mainly Budapest-based from 1900
Style/Period:  Hungarian Nationalist
Genre Profile:  122---0002---0222---222---12---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---sacred & secular vocal/choral music, incl. many works for children---folksong settings---cello (solo, chamber combs.)---operas---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . unacc. secular choral music (1898-1965) . . . Duo for Violin & Cello Op.7 (1914) . . . Sonata for Unaccompanied Cello Op.8 (1915) . . . Psalmus Hungaricus [solo v, chorus & orch.] Op.13 (1923) . . . Háry János [opera] Op.15 (1925-7; orch. suite 1927) . . . Dances of Galanta [orch.] (1933) . . . Variations on a Hungarian Folksong 'Peacock' [orch.] (1938-9) . . . Conc. for Orchestra (1939-40) . . . Missa brevis [chorus & org, or solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1944)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Bartók; DEBUSSY; ---Palestrina; Gregorian chant; German Romantic music; HUNGARIAN FOLK MUSIC
Has Influenced:  -Bartók; Tubin

Koechlin, Charles (1867-1950) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Impressionist (French Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  122---2120---2222---222---20---12x
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  winds (solo, chamber combs.)---symphonic poems---songs---music inspired by film personalities
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Debussy; FAURÉ; Massenet; Satie; Gregorian chant
Has Influenced:  Milhaud; Poulenc; Tailleferre

Kokkonen, Joonas (1921-96) Finnish; mainly Helsinki-based
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Genre Profile:  212---1200---2212---120---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  syms.---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . The Last Temptations [opera] (1973-5)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Bartók; Berg; -Brahms; -Debussy; Hindemith; Sibelius
Has Influenced:  -Bergman; SALLINEN

Kolb, Barbara (1939-) American
Style/Period:  American Avant-garde ('New Music')
Best Known For:  magnetic tape-based pcs---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . Soundings [11 instrs. & magnetic tape] (1972, r for orch. 1975, 2nd r 1977)
Musical Influences:  -Debussy; jazz; popular song

Korngold, Erich Wolfgang (1897-1957) Austrian-American; mainly Vienna-based to 1934, Hollywood-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Late German Romantic
Genre Profile:  222---2200---2222---200---12---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  film scores---operas---concs.---orchestral pcs---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Die Tote Stadt [opera] Op.12 (1920) . . . film scores (1934-54) . . . Violin Conc. in D Op.35 (1945)
Musical Influences:  Mahler; Puccini; R STRAUSS; Zemlinsky

Kraft, William (1923-) American; Los Angeles-based from 1955
Style/Period:  Expressionist
Best Known For:  percussion (chamber combs., w/orch.)---concs.---chamber music
Musical Influences:  STRAVINSKY; VARÈSE; jazz

Krebs, Johann Ludwig (1713-80) German; Leipzig & South Germany-based
Style/Period:  Late German Baroque
Best Known For:  solo organ & solo harpsichord---chamber music w/organ
Musical Influences:  JS BACH

Kreisler, Fritz (1875-1962) Austrian-American
Style/Period:  Viennese Light Classical
Genre Profile:  010---0000---0213---102---01---000
Quantity of Work Produced:  small
Best Known For:  violin (w/piano), incl. works composed in the style of Baroque & Classical masters
Notable Works:  . . . Liebesfreud [vln & pf] (p1910) . . . Liebesleid [vln & pf] (p1910) . . . Caprice Viennois [vln & pf] (p1913) . . . Schön Rosmarin [vln & pf] (p1910)
Musical Influences:  Wieniawski; 17th & 18th centuries music

Krenek, Ernst (1900-91) Austrian-American; U.S.-based from 1938
Style/Period:  Expressionist to c1925; German Neoclassical (Vernacularist) c1925-c1934; Post-Webernian Serial thereafter
Genre Profile:  222---2222---2222---222---12---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas---chamber music---solo piano---concs.
Notable Work:  . . . Jonny Spielt Auf [opera] (1925-6)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Gershwin; Mahler; ---Ockeghem; SCHOENBERG; Schreker; --Schubert; Stravinsky; Webern; ragtime; jazz; ---Medieval & Renaissance music

Lalande [Delalande], Michel-Richard de (1657-1726) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Late French Baroque
Best Known For:  sacred motets ('grand motets')---orchestral pcs
Musical Influences:  M-A Charpentier; French & Italian music
Has Influenced:  F Couperin

Lalo, Edouard (1823-92) French; Paris-based from 1839
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic
Genre Profile:  222---1300---1122---100---22---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  works for featured string instr. w/orch.---chamber music---Le Roi d'Ys (opera)
Notable Works:  . . . Symphonie Espagnole in D minor [vln & orch.] Op.21 (1873) . . . Cello Conc. in D minor (1877) . . . Le Roi d'Ys [opera] (1888)
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; Liszt; +Sarasate; R Schumann; Wagner; Spanish music
Has Influenced:  Debussy; Dukas; Indy

Lambert, (Leonard) Constant (1905-51) British; London-based
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical (American Vernacularist)
Best Known For:  ballets---orchestral pcs
Notable Work:  . . . The Rio Grande [solo v, pf, chorus & orch.] (1927)
Musical Influences:  Stravinsky; Warlock; RAGTIME; JAZZ; French music; ---Medieval music

Langlais, Jean (1907-91) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Mystical (French organ school)
Best Known For:  solo organ---masses
Notable Work:  . . . Hymne d'Actions de Grâce (Te Deum) [org] Op.5 no.3 (1933-4)
Musical Influences:  Dukas; Dupré; +Messiaen; Tournemire; Gregorian chant

Larsson, Lars-Erik (1908-86) Swedish
Style/Period:  highly varied (w/eclectic Neoclassical & Neoromantic tendencies)
Best Known For:  syms.---concs. & concertinos---orchestral pcs
Notable Work:  . . . 12 Concertinos [solo instr. & orch.] Op.45 (1953-7)
Musical Influences:  Berg; Nielsen; Sibelius

La Rue, Pierre de (c1460-1518) Flemish
Style/Period:  Middle Franco-Flemish Renaissance
Best Known For:  motets---masses---secular songs (chansons)
Notable Work:  . . . Missa pro defunctis [4 vv] (d?)
Musical Influences:  Franco-Flemish school; plainchant

Lasso, Orlando di [Orlandus Lassus, etc.] (1532-94) Franco-Flemish; Munich-based from 1556
Style/Period:  Late Renaissance (w/eclectic Franco-Flemish, French & Italian elements)
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music (motets, masses, magnificats)---secular vocal music (madrigals, chansons, lieder)
Notable Works:  . . . Tristis est anima mea [motet/part song for 5 vv] (p1565) . . . Seven Penitential Psalms of David [motets for 5 vv] (p1584) . . . madrigals [3-10 vv] . . . masses [4-8 vv] . . . songs [chansons & lieder for 3-8 vv, many with instrumental acc.]
Musical Influences:  Clemens; Gombert; +Marenzio; [P de Monte]; Palestrina; Rore; Willaert; Italian madrigals; Franco-Flemish polyphony
Has Influenced:  Byrd; [J ECCARD]; [A Ferrabosco I]; A GABRIELI; G GABRIELI; Hassler; [L LECHNER]; Marenzio; Praetorius

Lauro, Antonio (1917-86) Venezuelan
Style/Period:  Venezuelan Nationalist
Best Known For:  solo guitar
Notable Works:  . . . Natalia/Criolia in E minor/E [guitar] (1963) . . . El Marabino [guitar] (1968)
Musical Influences:  Barrios; waltzes; folk music

Lawes, William (1602-45) British
Style/Period:  Early English Baroque
Best Known For:  consort/chamber music---secular songs---anthems
Musical Influences:  Monteverdi; Renaissance music
Has Influenced:  Locke; +Purcell

Leclair, Jean-Marie (1697-1764) French; mainly Paris-based from 1723
Style/Period:  Late French Baroque (w/eclectic French & Italian elements)
Best Known For:  violin (chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . 4 sets of sonatas for violin (or flute) & continuo Opp. 1/2/5/9 (p c1723-43)
Musical Influences:  Corelli; Locatelli; -Lully; Rameau; Tartini; Vivaldi
Has Influenced:  French school of violin playing

Lehár, Franz (1870-1948) Hungarian-Austrian; mainly Vienna-based from 1899
Style/Period:  Viennese Light Classical
Genre Profile:  022---1100---000?---200---03---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operettas & other stage works---waltzes
Notable Works:  . . . Gold und Silber [waltz for orch.] Op.79 (1902) . . . The Merry Widow [operetta] (1905)
Musical Influences:  Offenbach; Puccini; J Strauss Jr.; R Strauss; Hungarian music

Leoncavallo, Ruggero (1857-1919) Italian
Style/Period:  Late Italian Romantic (verismo)
Genre Profile:  001---0000---0000---100---13---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas---songs
Notable Works:  . . . I Pagliacci [opera verismo] (1892) . . . La Bohème [opera] (1897) . . . Mattinata (L'Aurora di Bianco Vestita) [song for solo v & pf] (1904)
Musical Influences:  Bizet; +Mascagni; Massenet; Meyerbeer; --Mozart; [P Tosti]; Verdi;  Wagner
Has Influenced:  Wolf-Ferrari

Ligeti, György Sándor (1923-2006) Hungarian-Austrian
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde (texture music; Minimalist after c1975)
Genre Profile:  002---1212---2222---222---02---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---chamber music---solo keyboard---magnetic tape-based pcs
Notable Works:  . . . 6 Bagatelles for Wind Quintet (1953) . . . String Quartet #1 'Métamorphoses Nocturnes' (1953-4) . . . Atmosphères [orch.] (1961) . . . Volumina [org] (1961-2, r1966) . . . Lontano [orch.] (1967) . . . String Quartet #2 (1968) . . . Chamber Conc. [13 players] (1969-70)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; BARTÓK; Berg; +Boulez; -Debussy; Nancarrow; ---Ockeghem; +Reich; +Riley; +Stockhausen; Stravinsky; Webern; world folk music; East Asian music; electronic music; ---Medieval & Renaissance music

Liszt, Franz (1811-86) Hungarian-French-German
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic (Paris virtuoso school to c1850; New German school thereafter)
Genre Profile:  203---3000---2112---330---01---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  piano (solo, w/orch., transcriptions of other composers' works)---symphonic poems & other orchestral pcs---solo organ---songs---sacred choral music
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1839-83) . . . Années de Pèlerinage (3 sets) [pf] S160, S161 & S163 (1837-54, 1867-77) . . . 6 Transcendental Etudes after Paganini [pf] S140 (1838) . . . Piano Conc. #2 in A S125 (1839, r1849-61) . . . 19 Hungarian Rhapsodies [pf] S244 (1846-85; orch. arrs. S359 (d?)) . . . Concert Study 'La Leggierezza' [pf] S144 no.2 (c1848) . . . Symphonic Poem #1 'Les Préludes' S97 (1848, r1854 or before) . . . Consolation 'Lento placido' [pf] S172 no.3 (1849-50) . . . Symphonic Poem #2 'Tasso: Lament & Triumph' S96 (1849, r1850-1 & 1854) . . . Piano Conc. #1 in E flat S124 (1849, r1853 & 1856) . . . Totentanz [folksong settings for pf & orch.] S126 (1849, r1853 & 1859) . . . Fantasia & Fugue [org] S259 (1850) . . . 3 Liebesträume [pf] S541 (c1850) . . . Piano Sonata in B minor S178 (1852-3) . . . Faust Symphony S108 (1854-7) . . . Prelude & Fugue on B-A-C-H [org] S260 (1855, r1870) . . . Christus [sacred oratorio for 5 solo vv, chorus & orch.] S3 (1862-7) . . . First Mephisto Waltz [pf] S110 (1863) . . . Second Mephisto Waltz [orch.] S111 (1881) . . . Valse Oubliée #1 [pf] S215 no.1 (c1881)
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; Bellini; Berlioz; Chopin; Czerny; Field; PAGANINI; ---Palestrina; Reicha; Salieri; Schubert; R Schumann; +Wagner; Weber
Has Influenced:  Albéniz; Alkan; Balakirev; Bartók; Bax; Borodin; Bruckner; BUSONI; Debussy; Dohnányi; Duparc; Dvorák; Fauré; FRANCK; Glazunov; Glière; Granados; Indy; Lalo; MacDowell; Mahler; Mussorgsky; Paderewski; Parry; Rachmaninov; Raff; Ravel; Reger; Rimsky-Korsakov; Rubinstein; SAINT-SAËNS; Scriabin; Sinding; Smetana; J Strauss Jr.; Jos Strauss; R Strauss; Tchaikovsky; Wagner; Widor; Wolf

Locatelli, Pietro Antonio (1695-1764) Italian; Amsterdam-based from 1729
Style/Period:  Late Italian Baroque
Best Known For:  violin (chamber combs.)---concs. & concerti grossi
Musical Influences:  Corelli; Vivaldi
Has Influenced:  Leclair; +Paganini

Locke, Matthew (1621/2 - 1677) British
Style/Period:  Middle English Baroque
Best Known For:  consort/chamber music---stage works---anthems
Notable Work:  . . . Musick for His Majesty's Cornetts & Sackbutts [brass ensemble] (1661)
Musical Influences:  Lawes; +Lully
Has Influenced:  Blow; PURCELL

Loeffler, Charles Martin (1861-1935) French-American;  Boston area-based from 1882
Style/Period:  Impressionist
Best Known For:  chamber music---orchestral pcs---string instrs. (chamber combs., w/orch.)
Musical Influences:  +Debussy; +Gershwin; +Scriabin; jazz; Gregorian chant

Loewe, (Johann) C[K]arl (1796-1869) German
Style/Period:  Early German Romantic (Biedermeier)
Best Known For:  lieder, espec. narrative ballads
Notable Works:  . . . Erlkönig [ballad for solo v & pf] Op.1 no.3 (1818) . . . Odins Meeresritt [ballad for solo v & pf] Op.118 (1851)
Musical Influences:  --JS Bach; Protestant religious music; German music
Has Influenced:  Wolf

Lully, Jean-Baptiste (1632-87) Italian-French; Florence-based to 1646, Paris-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Middle French Baroque
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas (tragédies)---ballets---incidental music---sacred motets
Notable Works:  . . . Cadmus et Hermione [opera] (1673) . . . Alceste [opera] (1674)
Musical Influences:  Carissimi; Cavalli; Monteverdi
Has Influenced:  JS Bach; M-A Charpentier; Corelli; F Couperin; ++Gluck; Handel; +Leclair; -Locke; MARAIS; MUFFAT; Purcell; RAMEAU; Telemann

Lutoslawski, Witold (1913-94) Polish; mainly Warsaw-based
Style/Period:  Neoclassical (Neoromantic) to c1955; European Avant-garde (texture music) thereafter
Genre Profile:  222---2202---2222---201---00---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  concs.---orchestral pcs---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Variations on a Theme of Paganini [2 pf (also in pf & orch. arr.)] (1941) . . . Conc. for Orch. (1954) . . . 5 Dance Preludes [orch.] (1955) . . . 3 Poèmes d'Henri Michaux [chorus & orch.] (1963) . . . String Quartet (1964)
Musical Influences:  BARTÓK; Cage; --Chopin; Debussy; Prokofiev; Ravel; Roussel; Stravinsky; Szymanowski; Polish folk music

Luzzaschi, Luzzasco (c1545-1607) Italian; Ferrara-based
Style/Period:  Late Italian Renaissance
Best Known For:  madrigals---solo keyboard
Musical Influences:  +G Gabrieli; +Marenzio; +Monteverdi; Rore; Wert
Has Influenced:  FRESCOBALDI; GESUALDO; Monteverdi

Lyadov [Liadov], Anatol[y] (1855-1914) Russian; mainly St. Petersburg-based
Style/Period:  Russian Nationalist (Romantic)
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . Baba-Yaga [orch.] Op.56 (1891?-1904) . . . The Enchanted Lake [orch.] Op.62 (1909)
Musical Influences:  -Chopin; Rimsky-Korsakov; Wagner; folk music

MacDowell, Edward (1860-1908) American
Style/Period:  Late Romantic
Genre Profile:  002---2100---0001---200---00---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, w/orch.)---songs---symphonic poems
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Conc. #2 in D minor Op.23 (1884-6) . . . To a Wild Rose (from 'Ten Woodland Sketches') [pf] Op.51 no.1 (1896) . . . Piano Sonata #4 in E minor 'Keltic' Op.59 (1900)
Musical Influences:  Gottschalk; Grieg; Liszt; Raff; -R Schumann; Wagner; folk music
Has Influenced:  Beach; Hanson

Machaut, Guillaume de (c1300-77) French
Style/Period:  Medieval (Ars nova)
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known Work:  . . . Messe de Nostre Dame [4 vv] (1364?) . . . sacred motets [3-4 vv] . . . secular songs (chansons) [mainly for 2-4 vv, incl. instrs.]
Musical Influences:  --Perotin; Vitry; plainchant
Has Influenced:  +++Stravinsky

Maderna, Bruno (1920-73) Italian-German
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde
Best Known For:  magnetic tape-based pcs---stage works---instrumental ensemble pcs
Notable Work:  . . . Satyricon [opera] (1973)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Berg; Busoni; Cage; Malipiero; +Stockhausen
Has Influenced:  Nono

Mahler, Gustav (1860-1911) Austrian
Style/Period:  Late (post-Wagnerian) German Romantic
Genre Profile:  302---0000---0100---000---00---030
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  syms.---songs & song cycles---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . Songs of a Wayfarer [song cycle for solo v & orch./pf] (1883-5, r1891?-6) . . . Sym. #1 in D 'Titan' (1884-8, r1893-6) . . . Sym. #2 in C minor-E flat 'Resurrection' [2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1888-94, r1903) . . . The Youth's Magic Horn [song cycle for solo v & orch./pf] (1892-8) . . . Sym. #3 in D minor-D [solo v, choruses & orch.] (1893-6, r1906) . . . Sym. #4 in G major-E 'Ode to Heavenly Joy' [solo v & orch.] (1892, 1899-1900, r1901-10) . . . Ruckert Lieder [5 songs for solo v & orch./pf] (1899-1902) . . . Sym. #5 in C sharp minor-D 'Giant' (1901-2, r1902-10) . . . Songs on the Death of Children [song cycle for solo v & orch.] (1901-4) . . . Sym. #6 in A minor 'Tragic' (1903-4, r1906-10) . . . Sym. #7 in E minor-C (1904-5, r1905-10) . . . Sym. #8 in E flat 'Symphony of a Thousand' [8 solo vv, choruses & orch.] (1906) . . . Song of the Earth [symphonic song cycle for 2 solo vv & orch.] (1908-9) . . . Sym. #9 in D-D flat (1908-9)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; --Beethoven; Berlioz; Brahms; Bruckner; Liszt; --Schubert; Wagner; --Weber; folk music
Has Influenced:  BERG; +Berio; +Bernstein; +Britten; Casella; +Crumb; +Davies; KA Hartmann; Korngold; Krenek; +Rochberg; Schnittke; Schoenberg; SHOSTAKOVICH; Webern; Weill; [E Wellesz]; ZEMLINSKY

Malipiero, Gian Francesco (1882-1973) Italian
Style/Period:  Impressionist (Neoclassical)
Best Known For:  chamber music---operas---sinfonias
Musical Influences:  Busoni; +Casella; Debussy; ---Monteverdi; Stravinsky; ---Vivaldi; ---Gregorian chant
Has Influenced:  Dallapiccola; Maderna; Nono

Marais, Marin (1656-1728) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Middle French Baroque
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  chamber music featuring viola da gamba, espec. 5 collections of 'pièces de viole' p1686-1725---operas (tragédies)
Notable Work:  . . . Variations on Les Folies d'Espagne [viola da gamba & continuo] (p1701)
Musical Influences:  LULLY; Italian music
Has Influenced:  JS Bach

Marenzio, Luca (1553/54 - 1599) Italian; mainly Rome-based from c1574
Style/Period:  Late Italian Renaissance
Best Known For:  madrigals
Musical Influences:  A Gabrieli; [M'A Ingegneri]; Lasso; Rore; Wert
Has Influenced:  Dowland; Gesualdo; -Lasso; -Luzzaschi; Monteverdi; Philips; Praetorius; Schütz; Weelkes; English madrigalists

Martin, Frank (1890-1974) Swiss; Netherlands-based from 1946
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical (Serial)
Genre Profile:  122---2222---2122---212---22---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  works for featured instr(s). w/orch.---chamber music---vocal/choral-orchestral music
Notable Works:  . . . Le Vin Herbé [secular oratorio for 12 solo vv, pf & 7 string instrs.] (1938-41) . . . Ballade [fl & pf (also in fl, pf & string orch. arr.)] (1939) . . . Petite Symphonie Concertante [harp, pf, hpschd & string orch.] (1945)
Musical Influences:  ---JS BACH; Debussy; Fauré; -Franck; [E Jaques-Dalcroze]; Ravel; Schoenberg; Romantic composers
Has Influenced:  Stockhausen

Martinu, Bohuslav (1890-1959) Bohemian; U.S.-based 1941-53
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical (Czech Nationalist)
Genre Profile:  222---2222---2222---220---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms.---concs. for solo & multiple instrs.---orchestral pcs---chamber music, espec. cello w/piano---operas
Notable Works:  . . . Double Conc. [pf, tympani & 2 string orchs.] (1938) . . . 3 sonatas for cello & piano (1939/1941/1952) . . . Memorial to Lidice [orch.] (1943) . . . Trio for Flute, Cello & Piano in F (1944) . . . Sonata for Flute & Piano (1945) . . . Sym. #5 (1946) . . . Sym. #6 'Fantaisies Symphoniques' (1951-3) . . . Nonet [double-bass, string trio & wind quintet] (1959)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; ---Corelli; DEBUSSY; --J Haydn; Roussel; STRAVINSKY; Suk; jazz; Czech folk music

Mascagni, Pietro (1863-1945) Italian
Style/Period:  Late Italian Romantic (verismo)
Genre Profile:  112---0000---0011---101---03---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Cavalleria Rusticana [opera verismo] (1890), incl. 'Intermezzo' [orch.]
Musical Influences:  Debussy; --Mozart; Ponchielli; Verdi
Has Influenced:  -Leoncavallo; Wolf-Ferrari

Massenet, Jules (1842-1912) French; Paris-based from 1847
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic
Genre Profile:  022---1100---0001---210---23---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas---songs---orchestral suites
Notable Works:  . . . Hérodiade [opera] (1881) . . . Manon [opera] (1884) . . . Le Cid [opera] (1885) . . . Werther [opera] (1892) . . . Thaïs [opera] (1894), incl. 'Méditation' [vln & orch.]
Musical Influences:  Bizet; GOUNOD; Tchaikovsky; Thomas; Wagner
Has Influenced:  G Charpentier; Chausson; Debussy; Enescu; Giordano; Koechlin; Leoncavallo; Pierné; Puccini; Ravel; -Tchaikovsky

Mayr, (Johannes) Simon (1763-1845) German; mainly Italy-based
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Best Known For:  operas
Musical Influences:  Gluck; Mozart
Has Influenced:  Bellini; DONIZETTI; Rossini

McPhee, Colin (1900-64) Canadian-American
Style/Period:  Exoticist
Best Known For:  gamelan-influenced chamber & orchestral music & piano pcs
Notable Work:  . . . Tabuh-tabuhan [2 pf & orch.] (1936)
Musical Influences:  Stravinsky; SOUTHEAST ASIAN MUSIC
Has Influenced:  Britten

Medtner [Metner], Nikolay (1880-1951) Russian; mainly Paris-, & then London-, based from c1925
Style/Period:  Late (post-Brahmsian) Russian Romantic
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., concs.)---songs
Notable Works:  . . . 3 piano concs. (1914-18, 1920-27, 1940-43)
Musical Influences:  --Beethoven; Brahms; -R Schumann; Taneyev

Méhul, Étienne-Nicolas (1763-1817) French; Paris-based from c1778
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Best Known For:  comic operas---syms.
Musical Influences:  Gluck; Grétry; J Haydn
Has Influenced:  Beethoven; Berlioz; Boieldieu; Cherubini; Spontini; Weber

Mendelssohn(-Bartholdy), Felix (1809-47) German
Style/Period:  Early German Romantic (Biedermeier; Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  333---3302---2222---220---01---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  important contributor to all main genres except ballet & opera
Notable Works:  . . . choral songs [unacc. chorus] (1820-47) . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1820-47) . . . Rondo Capriccioso in E [pf] Op.14 (1824) . . . Octet for Strings in E flat Op.20 (1825) . . . Over. to (the Shakespeare play) A Midsummer Night's Dream [orch.] Op.21 (1826) . . . String Quartet #2 in A minor Op.13 (1827) . . . Calm Sea & Prosperous Voyage [concert over.] Op.27 (1828) . . . Songs without Words (8 vols.) [pf] (1829-45) . . . Hebrides ('Fingal's Cave') Over. Op.26 [concert over.] (1830) . . . Piano Conc. #1 in G minor Op.25 (1831) . . . Sym. #5 in D 'Reformation' Op.107 (1832) . . . Sym. #4 in A 'Italian' Op.90 (1833) . . . 3 Preludes & Fugues [org] Op.37 (1837) . . . Piano Conc. #2 in D minor Op.40 (1837) . . . Piano Trio #1 in D minor Op.49 (1839) . . . Hark! the Herald Angels Sing [carol for male chorus] (1840) . . . Variations Sérieuses in D minor [pf] Op.54 (1841) . . . Incidental Music to (the Shakespeare play) A Midsummer Night's Dream [orch.] Op.61 (1842) . . . Sym. #3 in A minor 'Scottish' Op.56 (1842) . . . Violin Conc. in E minor Op.64 (1844) . . . 6 Sonatas [org] Op.65 (1844-5) . . . Piano Trio #2 in C minor Op.66 (1845) . . . Elijah [sacred oratorio for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.70 (1846)
Musical Influences:  --JS BACH; Beethoven; Field; --Handel; -J Haydn; Hummel; Mendelssohn-Hensel; -Mozart; Spohr; WEBER
Has Influenced:  Alkan; +Arensky; [WS BENNETT]; -Berwald; Borodin; Brahms; Bruch; Bruckner; +Elgar; +Fibich; GADE; Goldmark; Gounod; Grieg; -Mendelssohn-Hensel; Nicolai; Parry; Raff; ++Reger; REINECKE; RUBINSTEIN; Saint-Saëns; R Schumann; Smetana; +Stanford; Sullivan; Svendsen; Widor

Mendelssohn-Hensel, Fanny (1805-47) German
Style/Period:  Early German Romantic
Best Known For:  lieder---piano (solo, chamber combs.)
Notable Work:  . . . Piano Trio in G minor Op.11 (1846)
Musical Influences:  --JS Bach; Beethoven; +Chopin; +Mendelssohn
Has Influenced:  Mendelssohn

Menotti, Gian Carlo (1911-2007) Italian-American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Genre Profile:  121---2202---1120---110---23---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  popular idiom operas
Notable Works:  . . . The Medium [opera] (1945) . . . The Consul [opera] (1949) . . . Amahl & the Night Visitors [opera] (1951)
Musical Influences:  Barber; --Mussorgsky; PUCCINI; Stravinsky; -Verdi; Wolf-Ferrari; opera verismo
Has Influenced:  Rochberg

Mercadante, (Giuseppe) Saverio (1795-1870) Italian; mainly Naples-based from c1806
Style/Period:  Early Italian Romantic (bel canto)
Best Known For:  wind concs.---operas
Notable Works:  . . . Clarinet Conc. in B flat Op.101 (1819?) . . . Flute Conc. in E minor (c1819)
Musical Influences:  +Bellini; Meyerbeer; Rossini
Has Influenced:  Giordano; Pacini; Verdi

Messiaen, Olivier (1908-92) French; mainly Paris-based from c1920
Style/Period:  Mystical (Exoticist; Impressionist through 1930s)
Genre Profile:  002---2002---0202---231---02---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  solo organ---orchestral pcs---solo piano---chamber music---vocal/choral music---music simulating birdsong---music on religious subjects
Notable Works:  . . . Apparition de l'Église Éternelle [org] (1932) . . . L'Ascension [4 meditations for orch.] (1933; org arr. 1934) . . . Quartet for the End of Time [vln, cl, vc & pf] (1940) . . . Visions de l'Amen [2 pf] (1943) . . . 20 Regards sur l'Enfant Jésus [pf] (1944) . . . Turangalila Symphony [pf, ondes martenot & orch.] (1946-8) . . . 4 Études de Rythme [pf] (1949) . . . Livre d'Orgue [7 pcs for organ] (1951) . . . Oiseaux Exotiques [pf & small orch.] (1955-6) . . . Chronochromie [orch.] (1960) . . . Et Exspecto Resurrectionem Mortuorum [winds, brass & perc] (1964)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Debussy; Dukas; Dupré; Scriabin; Stravinsky; Serialism; music of India; ---plainsong; ---Medieval & ancient music; birdsong; East & Southeast Asian music
Has Influenced:  Alain; Bolcom; BOULEZ; Davies; -Jolivet; -Langlais; Schuller; Stockhausen; Takemitsu; Xenakis

Meyerbeer, Giacomo (1791-1864) German-French
Style/Period:  Early French Romantic (bel canto) w/eclectic French, German & Italian elements
Genre Profile:  122---1001---1000---110---03---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas, espec. French 'grand opera'
Notable Works:  . . . Robert le Diable [opera] (1831) . . . Les Huguenots [opera] (1836) . . . Le Prophète [opera] (1849) . . . L'Africaine [opera] (1865)
Musical Influences:  Auber; -Gluck; -Mozart; +ROSSINI; Spontini; [G Vogler]; Italian opera
Has Influenced:  Bizet; Boito; Dargomïzhsky; Delibes; Elgar; Flotow; Halévy; Leoncavallo; Mercadante; Mussorgsky; Ponchielli; Rubinstein; Thomas; Verdi; Wagner

Miaskovsky, Nikolai (1881-1950) Russian; mainly St. Petersburg & Moscow-based
Style/Period:  Late Russian Romantic
Best Known For:  syms.---piano sonatas---string quartets
Notable Work:  . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano #2 in A minor Op.81 (1948-9)
Musical Influences:  Glazunov; Glière; Rimsky-Korsakov; Scriabin; Tchaikovsky; Wagner
Has Influenced:  KABALEVSKY; KHACHATURIAN; Prokofiev; Shchedrin; [V SHEBALIN]

Milhaud, Darius (1892-1974) French; mainly U.S.-based 1940-71
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical
Genre Profile:  222---2222---2222---222---22---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  ballets---operas---chamber music---orchestral pcs---syms. & chamber syms.---concs.---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Le Boeuf sur le Toit [pantomime ballet] Op.58 (1919) . . . La Création du Monde [ballet] Op.81 (1923) . . . Christophe Colomb [opera] Op.102 (1928) . . . Pastorale [oboe, cl & bassoon] Op.147 (1935) . . . Suite Provençale [orch.] Op.152b (1936) . . . Scaramouche [suite for 2 pf] Op.165b (1937) . . . La Cheminée du Roi René [suite for wind quintet] Op.205 (1939) . . . Suite Française [in band & orch. arrs.] Op.248 (1944) . . . David [opera] Op.320 (1952) . . . Duo Concertante [cl & pf] Op.351 (1956)
Musical Influences:  Debussy; Fauré; Koechlin; Satie; JAZZ; folk music; Brazilian music
Has Influenced:  [G Antheil]; -Bliss; Bolcom; Copland; Honegger; Rorem; Thomson; Xenakis; [BA Zimmermann]

Moeran, E. J. (1894-1950) British
Style/Period:  English Nationalist (Neoromantic)
Best Known For:  concs.---orchestral pcs---vocal/choral music---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . Sym. in G minor (1934-7)
Musical Influences:  Delius; IRELAND; Sibelius; Vaughan Williams; Warlock; British folksong

Mompou (y Dencausse), Federico (1893-1987) Spanish (Catalan); Barcelona & Paris-based
Style/Period:  Impressionist
Best Known For:  solo piano
Musical Influences:  --Chopin; Debussy; Ravel; Satie

Monteverdi, Claudio (1567-1643) Italian; Venice-based from 1613
Style/Period:  Early Italian Baroque
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  madrigals---operas---masses & other church music
Notable Works:  . . . madrigals (9 books) [1-8 vv, unacc. or w/basso-continuo; some w/additional instrs.] (p1587-1651) . . . L'Orfeo [opera] (1607) . . . Lament from (the opera) L'Arianna (1608) . . . Vespro della Beata Vergine [6 vv & 6 instrs.] (1610) . . . The Coronation of Poppea [opera] (1642)
Musical Influences:  G Gabrieli; -Gombert; [M'A Ingegneri]; Luzzaschi; Marenzio; Palestrina; [J Peri]; -Rore; WERT
Has Influenced:  Buxtehude; Carissimi; CAVALLI; [A Cesti]; +++Dallapiccola; +++Davies; Frescobaldi; -G Gabrieli; [A GRANDI]; +++M Haydn; Lawes; Lully; -Luzzaschi; +++Malipiero; +++ORFF; +++Pizzetti; Praetorius; +Purcell; +A Scarlatti; Schein; SCHÜTZ; Weelkes

Morales, Cristóbal de (c1500-53) Spanish; Italy-based from c1533-1545
Style/Period:  Middle Spanish Renaissance
Best Known For:  sacred motets---masses
Musical Influences:  Gombert; Josquin; Gregorian chant
Has Influenced:  GUERRERO; Palestrina; Victoria; +++Zelenka

Moreno Torróba, Federico (1891-1982) Spanish
Style/Period:  Spanish Nationalist (Neoromantic)
Best Known For:  guitar (solo, chamber combs.)---stage works
Notable Works:  . . . Madroños [guitar] (1954) . . . Sonatina in A [guitar] (1965)
Musical Influences:  Spanish folk & gypsy music

Morley, Thomas (1557/58 - 1602) British; London-based from c1588
Style/Period:  Late English Renaissance
Best Known For:  madrigals---ayres---anthems---consort music
Notable Work:  . . . The First Book of Ayres [solo v, lute & bass viol] (p1600)
Musical Influences:  BYRD; +Dowland; ITALIAN MADRIGALISTS
Has Influenced:  Gibbons; Weelkes; British madrigal school

Moszkowski, Moritz (1854-1925) German; mainly Berlin & Paris-based
Style/Period:  Late Romantic
Best Known For:  piano (solo, 2 players, w/orch.)---Spanish themes---arrs. of other composers' works
Musical Influences:  Spanish music

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-91) Austrian
Style/Period:  Classical (Viennese Classical)
Genre Profile:  333---3333---3333---322---23---330
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  important contributor to all main genres
Notable Works:  . . . Exsultate, Jubilate in F [sacred motet for solo v & orch.] K165/158a (1773) . . . Bassoon Conc. in B flat K191/186e (1774) . . . Sym. #29 in A K201/186a (1774) . . . Violin Conc. #3 in G K216 (1775) . . . Violin Conc. #4 in D K218 (1775) . . . Violin Conc. #5 in A K219 (1775) . . . Conc. for Flute, Harp & Orch. in C K299/297c (1778) . . . Sonata for Violin & Keyboard in E minor K304/300c (1778) . . . Flute Conc. #1 in G K313/285c (1778) . . . Oboe Conc. in C K314/285d/271k (1778) . . . Mass #16 in C 'Coronation' [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] K317 (1779) . . . Sinfonia Concertante in E flat [vln, va & orch.] K364/320d (1779) . . . Conc. for 2 Pianos & Orch. in E flat K365/316a (1779) . . . Sonata for Violin & Keyboard in B flat K378/317d (1779 or 1781) . . . Piano Sonata in A K331/300i (1781-3), incl. 'Turkish Rondo' . . . Serenade in B flat 'Gran Partita' [13 wind instrs.] K361/370a (1781 or 1781-4) . . . Quartet for Oboe & Strings in F K370/368b (1781) . . . The Abduction from the Seraglio [opera] K384 (1782) . . . Sym. #35 in D 'Haffner' K385 (1782) . . . String Quartet #14 in G K387 (1782) . . . Fantasia in D minor [pf] K397/385g (1782 or 1786-7) . . . Mass #18 in C minor 'Great' [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] K427/417a (1782-3) . . . Horn Conc. #2 in E flat K417 (1783) . . . Sym. #36 in C 'Linz' K425 (1783) . . . Horn Conc. #3 in E flat K447 (1784?-7) . . . Quintet for Piano & Winds in E flat K452 (1784) . . . Piano Conc. #17 in G K453 (1784) . . . Piano Sonata in C minor K457 (1784) . . . String Quartet #17 in B flat 'Hunt' K458 (1784) . . . String Quartet #19 in C 'Dissonance' K465 (1785) . . . Piano Conc. #20 in D minor K466 (1785) . . . Piano Conc. #21 in C K467 (1785) . . . Fantasia in C minor [pf] K475 (1785) . . . Piano Conc. #23 in A K488 (1786) . . . Piano Conc. #24 in C minor K491 (1786) . . . The Marriage of Figaro [opera] K492 (1786) . . . Over. to (the opera) The Marriage of Figaro [orch.] K492 (1786) . . . Piano Quartet in E flat K493 (1786) . . . Horn Conc. #4 in E flat K495 (1786) . . . Trio for Clarinet, Viola & Piano in E flat K498 (1786) . . . Piano Conc. #25 in C K503 (1786) . . . Sym. #38 in D 'Prague' K504 (1786) . . . String Quintet #3 in C K515 (1787) . . . String Quintet #4 in G minor K516 (1787) . . . Serenade in G 'Eine Kleine Nachtmusik' [string orch.] K525 (1787) . . . Don Giovanni [opera] K527 (1787) . . . Over. to (the opera) Don Giovanni [orch.] K527 (1787) . . . Piano Conc. #26 in D 'Coronation' K537 (1788) . . . Sym. #39 in E flat K543 (1788) . . . Piano Sonata in C K545