Adam, Adolphe (Charles) (1803-56) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Early French Romantic (bel canto)
Best Known For:  ballets---comic operas
Notable Works:  . . . Giselle [ballet] (1841) . . . Cantique de Nöel [O Holy Night] [carol] (1847)
Musical Influences:  BOIELDIEU; Reicha
Has Influenced:  DELIBES

Adams, John (1947-) American; San Francisco area-based from 1971
Style/Period:  Minimalist
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---operas
Notable Works:  . . . Shaker Loops [string orch. arr.] (1983) . . . Nixon in China [opera] (1984-87), incl. 'The Chairman Dances' [orch.]
Musical Influences:  Glass; REICH; jazz

Alain, Jehan (Ariste) (1911-40) French; Paris-based from 1927
Style/Period:  Mystical
Best Known For:  solo organ
Notable Work:  . . . Litanies [org] Op.79 (1937)
Musical Influences:  Debussy; Dupré; Messiaen; Satie; Asian music

Albéniz, Isaac (1860-1909) Spanish
Style/Period:  Spanish Nationalist
Genre Profile:  012---2000---0000---300---02---010
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  solo piano (& later arrs. thereof for guitar)
Notable Works:  . . . Suite Española #1 [pf] Op.47 (1886) . . . España [pf suite] Op.165 (1890) . . . Iberia [4 books of 12 works for pf] (1906-8; orch. arr. by E. Arbós, 1906-8)
Musical Influences:  -Chopin; +Debussy; +Dukas; Fauré; Indy; Liszt; [F Pedrell]; Spanish folk music
Has Influenced:  Debussy; Falla; Granados; Ravel; Rodrigo; Turina

Albinoni, Tomaso (1671-1751) Italian; Venice-based
Style/Period:  Late Italian Baroque
Genre Profile:  011---0232---2222---001---02---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  concs.---operas---trio sonatas
Notable Works:  . . . 12 Concerti a Cinque [1 or 2 oboes & strings] Op.7 (1715) . . . 12 Concerti a Cinque [1 or 2 oboes (or vln) & strings] Op.9 (1722) . . . Adagio in G Minor [arr. of spurious fragment for org & string orch.] (arr. late 1940s)
Musical Influences:  Corelli; Torelli; +Vivaldi
Has Influenced:  JS Bach; Vivaldi

Alfvén, Hugo (1872-1960) Swedish
Style/Period:  Late Romantic
Best Known For:  programmatic orchestral pcs---vocal/choral music---syms.
Notable Work:  . . . Swedish Rhapsody #1 'Midsummer Vigil' [orch.] Op.19 (1903)
Musical Influences:  Wagner; Swedish folksong

Alkan, (Charles-)Valentin (1813-88) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Middle French Romantic
Best Known For:  solo piano & solo organ
Musical Influences:  --JS Bach; Beethoven; Berlioz; Chopin; --Handel; Liszt; Mendelssohn

Allegri, Gregorio (1582-1652) Italian; Rome-based
Style/Period:  Early Italian Baroque (stile antico)
Best Known Work:  . . . Il salmo Miserere mei Deus [psalm setting for 9 vv] (c1640)
Musical Influences:  PALESTRINA

Alwyn, William (1905-85) British
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Best Known For:  syms.---concs.---film scores
Musical Influences:  Ravel; Sibelius; Vaughan Williams

Anderson, Leroy (1908-75) American
Style/Period:  American Light Classical
Best Known For:  light orchestral pcs
Notable Works:  . . . Sleigh Ride [orch.] (1950) . . . Blue Tango [orch.] (1952)

Arensky, Anton (1861-1906) Russian
Style/Period:  Late Russian Romantic
Best Known For:  chamber music---orchestral pcs---concs.---syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Trio #1 in D minor Op.32 (1894) . . . Variations on a Theme of Tchaikovsky in E minor [strings] Op.35a (1894)
Musical Influences:  -Chopin; -Mendelssohn; Rimsky-Korsakov; TCHAIKOVSKY
Has Influenced:  Glière; Rachmaninov; Scriabin

Argento, Dominick (1927-) American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Best Known For:  operas
Musical Influences:  ---Mozart; --Mussorgsky; --Verdi

Arne, Thomas (1710-78) British; London-based
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Best Known For:  operas & other stage works---songs---incidental music
Notable Work:  . . . Rule Britannia [song for chorus & orch. from the masque Alfred] (1740)
Musical Influences:  Geminiani; Handel; French & Italian music

Arnold, Malcolm (1921-2006) British
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (English Vernacularist)
Genre Profile:  222---1122---2222---102---21---110
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  film scores---syms.---concs.---chamber music, espec. sonatas---winds (chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . 4 English Dances (2 sets) [orch.] Opp. 27/33 (1950/1951) . . . Sonatina for Clarinet & Piano Op.29 (1951) . . . Conc. for Guitar & Chamber Orch. Op.67 (1959) . . . Brass Quintet Op.73 (1960)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; --BERLIOZ; Sibelius; jazz; popular music

Auber, Daniel-François-Esprit (1782-1871) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Early French Romantic (bel canto)
Best Known For:  comic operas
Notable Work:  . . . Fra Diavolo [opera] (1830)
Musical Influences:  Cherubini; +Rossini; +Weber
Has Influenced:  Dargomïzhsky; Flotow; Meyerbeer; Wagner

Babbitt, Milton (1916-) American; mainly Princeton-based from 1938
Style/Period:  Post-Webernian Serial
Best Known For:  computer & magnetic tape-based music---solo piano
Musical Influences:  Berg; SCHOENBERG; Sessions; Webern
Has Influenced:  Davidovsky; Schuller; Wuorinen

Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel (1714-88) German; Berlin-based 1738-68; Hamburg-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Genre Profile:  300---3222---2222---232---00---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  solo keyboard---syms.---concs.---sonatas & trio sonatas---sacred vocal/choral music---flute (solo, chamber combs., concs.)
Notable Works:  . . . sonatas (6) [fl & continuo] W125-7,129,130,134 (1735-40) . . . 6 Sonatas 'Wurttemberg' [keyb] W49 (1744) . . . Conc. for Cello & Strings in A W172 (1753?) . . . 6 Sonatas & Prelude [org] W70 (1755 & 1758) . . . Conc. for Oboe & Strings in E flat W165 (1765?) . . . Orchestral Sym. #3 in C from W182, '6 Hamburg Symphonies' (1773)
Musical Influences:  JS BACH; Hasse; Telemann; Vivaldi
Has Influenced:  JC BACH; Beethoven; J HAYDN; Hummel; Mozart

Bach, Johann Christian (1735-82) German; London-based from 1762
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Genre Profile:  222---2022---2222---220---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms. & sinfonies concertantes---keyboard sonatas---concs.---chamber music---operas
Notable Works:  . . . Grand Over. in B flat from (the opera) Lucio Silla Op.18 no.2 [orch.] (c1779) . . . Sinfonie Concertante in A [vln, vc, 2 oboes & strings] (p1773) . . . 6 Quintets [fl, oboe, vln, va & continuo] Op.11 (p1774)
Musical Influences:  CPE BACH; JS BACH; Hasse; Jommelli; [GB Martini]; Sammartini; Italian music
Has Influenced:  -Boyce; MOZART

Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750) German; Leipzig-based from 1723
Style/Period:  Late German Baroque (w/eclectic German, French & Italian elements)
Genre Profile:  003---3323---2222---033---00---330
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  solo organ---sacred & secular cantatas---concs. & concerti grossi---masses---orchestral pcs---passions---works for solo player---sonatas---harpsichord (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---motets
Notable Works:  . . . Christ Lag in Todesbanden [church cantata for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] BWV4 (1707-8?) . . . Toccata & Fugue in D minor [org] BWV565 (before 1709) . . . Passacaglia & Fugue in C minor [org] BWV582 (1708-12?) . . . Prelude & Fugue in D [org] BWV532 (1708-17) . . . Toccata & Fugue in F [org] BWV540 (1708-17) . . . Toccata, Adagio & Fugue in C [org] BWV564 (1708-17) . . . Brandenburg Concertos [6 concerti grossi for featured instrs. & strings] BWV1046-51 (1708-21) . . . unaccompanied lute works BWV995-1000 & 1006a (c1708-40s) . . . Hunt Cantata [secular cantata for 4 solo vv & orch.] BWV208 (1713?), incl. 'That Sheep may Safely Graze' . . . Conc. for 2 Violins & Strings in D minor BWV1043 (1717-23) . . . Conc. for Violin & Strings in A minor BWV1041 (1717-23) . . . Conc. for Violin & Strings in E BWV1042 (1717-23) . . . 6 sonatas for violin & harpsichord BWV1014-9 (1717-23) . . . 3 sonatas for flute & harpsichord BWV1030-2 (1717-30s) . . . 3 sonatas for flute & continuo BWV1033-5 (1717-30s) . . . 4 Orchestral Suites [instrs. & strings] BWV1066-9 (c1717-30s), incl. 'Air on a G String' . . . Weichet Nur 'Wedding Cantata' [secular cantata for solo v & orch.] BWV202 (1718-23?) . . . 6 Partitas & Sonatas for Solo Violin BWV1001-6 (1720) . . . Partita in A minor [fl] BWV1013 (1720s) . . . Chromatic Fantasia & Fugue in D minor [keyb] BWV903 (c1720; r c1730) . . . The Well-Tempered Klavier (2 Books) [keyb] BWV846-69 & 870-93 (1722 & 1738-42) . . . Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben [church cantata for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] BWV147 (1723), incl. 'Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring' . . . A Mighty Fortress is our God [church cantata for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] BWV80 (1724) . . . St. John Passion [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] BWV245 (1724; r c1730s & 1740s) . . . St. Matthew Passion [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] BWV244 (1727, r1736) . . . Magnificat in D [5 solo vv, chorus & orch.] BWV243 (c1728-31) . . . Conc. for Harpsichord & Strings in D minor BWV1052 (1728-35) . . . Conc. for Harpsichord & Strings in F minor BWV1056 (1728-35) . . . 6 Partitas [keyb] BWV825-30 (1731) . . . Wachet Auf! 'Sleepers Awake!' [church cantata for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] BWV140 (1731) . . . Christmas Oratorio [6 cantatas for solo vv, chorus & orch.] BWV248 (1734) . . . 'Concerto' in the Italian Style [keyb] BWV971 (1735) . . . 21 Choral Preludes [org] BWV669-89 (1739) . . . Goldberg Variations [keyb] BWV988 (1741-2) . . . The Art of Fugue [chamber music for unspecified instrumentation] BWV1080 (c1745-50) . . . The Musical Offering [fl, 2 vlns, keyb & continuo] BWV1079 (1747) . . . Mass in B minor [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] BWV232 (c1747-9) . . . 6 Suites (Sonatas) for Solo Cello BWV1007-12 (c1750) . . . Conc. for 4 Harpsichords & Strings in A minor BWV1065 (d?) . . . Conc. for Oboe & Violin (or 2 Harpsichords) & Strings in C minor BWV1060 (d?)
Musical Influences:  Albinoni; [G Böhm]; BUXTEHUDE; F Couperin; --Frescobaldi; -Froberger; [F Gasparini]; [R Keiser]; [G Legrenzi]; Lully; Pachelbel; -Schütz; --Sweelinck; Vivaldi; Zelenka
Has Influenced:  ++Alkan; CPE BACH; JC BACH; WF BACH; +++Bartók; +Beethoven; ++Brahms; ++Bruckner; +++BUSONI; ++Chopin; +Clementi; +++Dupré; +++Elgar; +++Enescu; +++Finzi; [+++W Fortner]; +++Foss; ++FRANCK; ++Franz; ++Gounod; +++Grainger; +++Hanson; +++Harbison; Hasse; +++Hindemith; +++HONEGGER; +++Ives; +++Kagel; +++Karg-Elert; +++Kodály; +++Koechlin; +++Kokkonen; KREBS; +++Ligeti; ++Loewe; +++Mahler; +++MARTIN; +++Martinu; ++MENDELSSOHN; ++Mendelssohn-Hensel; +Mozart; +++Nancarrow; ++Paine; ++PARRY; +++Penderecki; +++REGER; ++Rossini; +++Ruggles; +++Schnittke; +++Schoenberg; ++R Schumann; +++Shchedrin; +++Shostakovich; +++Stanford; +++Stravinsky; +++Taneyev; +++Villa-Lobos; +++Webern: ++WIDOR; [+++BA Zimmermann]

Bach, Wilhelm Friedemann (1710-84) German; Halle-based 1746-70
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Best Known For:  solo keyboard
Musical Influences:  JS BACH

Balakirev, Mily (1837-1910) Russian; St. Petersburg-based from 1855
Style/Period:  Russian Nationalist (Romantic)
Genre Profile:  212---2000---1101---200---00---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, concs.)---symphonic poems & concert overs.---syms.---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Tamara [sym. poem] (1867-82) . . . Islamey: Oriental Fantasy [pf] (1869,r1902)
Musical Influences:  Berlioz; Chopin; Dargomïzhsky; Glinka; Liszt; R Schumann; Russian folk music
Has Influenced:  -Borodin; -Cui; Glazunov; -Mussorgsky; RIMSKY-KORSAKOV; Tchaikovsky

Barber, Samuel (1910-81) American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Genre Profile:  223---2212---2212---211---22---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  significant contributor to most main genres
Notable Works:  . . . Dover Beach [songs for solo v & str qtt] Op.3 (1931) . . . Over. to (the Sheridan stage comedy) The School for Scandal [orch.] Op.5 (1931-3) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano Op.6 (1932) . . . Sym. #1 in One Movement Op.9 (1935-6) . . . Adagio for Strings (from String Quartet #1, Op.11) [orch. arr.] (1936) . . . Essay for Orch. #1 Op.12 (1937) . . . Violin Conc. Op.14 (1939-40) . . . Essay for Orch. #2 Op.17 (1942) . . . Cello Conc. Op.22 (1945) . . . Knoxville: Summer of 1915 [songs for solo v & orch.] Op.24 (1947) . . . Piano Sonata in E flat minor Op.26 (1949) . . . Medea's Meditation & Dance of Vengeance from (the ballet) Medea [orch.] Op.23a (1955) . . . Vanessa [opera] (1957) . . . Piano Conc. Op.38 (1962)
Musical Influences:  -Brahms; Copland; Debussy; Stravinsky; Romantic Period music
Has Influenced:  Menotti

Barrios Mangoré, Agustín (1885-1944) Paraguayan
Style/Period:  Nationalist (Romantic)
Best Known For:  solo guitar
Notable Works:  . . . Waltzes [guitar] Op.8 (d?) . . . Le Catedral [guitar] (d?)
Musical Influences:  --Sor; folk music; Baroque, Classical & Romantic music
Has Influenced:  Lauro

Bartók, Béla (1881-1945) Hungarian; New York-based from 1940
Style/Period:  Hungarian Nationalist (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  022---3302---1322---302---22---030
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  piano (solo, w/orch.)---concs.---string quartets---folksong settings---ballets & Duke Bluebeard's Castle (opera)---violin (chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . Hungarian folksong arrangements [solo v & pf] (1904-37?) . . . 14 Bagatelles [pf] S38 (1908) . . . String Quartet #1 S40 (1908, r1910) . . . Duke Bluebeard's Castle [opera] S48 (1911) . . . String Quartet #2 S67 (1915-7) . . . 7 Romanian Folk Dances [orch. arr.] S68 (1917) . . . The Miraculous Mandarin [pantomime ballet] S73 (1918-9, 1923, r1924-31; orch. suite 1919, 1927) . . . 2 Sonatas for Violin & Piano S75-6 (1921/1922) . . . Dance Suite [orch.] S77 (1923) . . . Mikrokosmos [6 vols. of pf studies] S107 (1926, 1932-9) . . . String Quartet #3 S85 (1927) . . . Rhapsody #1 for Violin & Piano S86 (1928) . . . String Quartet #4 S91 (1928) . . . Piano Conc. #2 S95 (1930-1) . . . String Quartet #5 S102 (1934) . . . Music for String Instruments, Percussion & Celesta S106 (1936) . . . Sonata for 2 Pianos & Percussion [4 players] S110 (1937) . . . Violin Conc. #2 S112 (1937-8) . . . Divertimento for String Orch. S113 (1939) . . . String Quartet #6 S114 (1939) . . . Conc. for Orch. S116 (1943, r1945) . . . Sonata for Unaccompanied Violin S117 (1944) . . . Piano Conc. #3 S119 (1945) . . . Viola Conc. S120 (1945)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; --Beethoven; +Berg; Brahms; Debussy; +Kodály; Liszt; -Mussorgsky; Schoenberg; R Strauss; +Stravinsky; Wagner; FOLK MUSIC; Renaissance music
Has Influenced:  Arnold; -Bridge; Britten; Casella; Crawford; CRUMB; Gerhard; Ginastera; KA Hartmann; HOLMBOE; Husa; [L Kirchner]; Kodály; Kokkonen; Krenek; LIGETI; Lutoslawski; Maderna; Messiaen; Penderecki; Rochberg; Szymanowski; Tippett

Bax, Arnold (1883-1953) British
Style/Period:  Late English Romantic (Celtic revival)
Genre Profile:  222---2212---2212---201---10---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms. & symphonic poems---chamber music---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Quintet in G minor (1915) . . . Tintagel [sym. poem] (1917-9) . . . Piano Sonata #2 in G (1919)
Musical Influences:  Debussy; Delius; Elgar; Liszt; Ravel; Sibelius; R Strauss; -Wagner; Celtic folk music; Romantic Russian opera & ballet

Beach, Amy Marcy [Mrs. H. H. A.] (1867-1944) American; New York-based from 1914
Style/Period:  Late Romantic (New England school)
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---songs
Musical Influences:  Brahms; Debussy; Dvorák; MacDowell; Wagner; folk themes; Native American themes

Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770-1827) German; Vienna-based from 1792
Style/Period:  Late Viennese Classical
Genre Profile:  332---3302---3333---310---23---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms.---piano (sonatas, chamber combs., concs.)---chamber music (string quartets, violin sonatas, trios, etc.)---overs.---Violin Conc. in D---Fidelio (opera)---Mass in D 'Missa Solemnis'
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Conc. #2 in B flat Op.19 (1793-5, r1798) . . . Piano Conc. #1 in C Op.15 (1795, r1800) . . . Quintet for Piano & Winds in E flat Op.16 (1796) . . . Piano Sonata #8 in C minor 'Pathetique' Op.13 (1797-8?) . . . Septet in E flat [winds & strings] Op.20 (1799-1800) . . . Sym. #1 in C Op.21 (1800) . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano in F 'Spring' Op.24 (1800-1) . . . Piano Conc. #3 in C minor Op.37 (1800?) . . . Piano Sonata #14 in C sharp minor 'Moonlight' Op.27 no.2 (1801) . . . Sym. #2 in D Op.36 (1801-2) . . . Piano Sonata #17 in D minor 'Tempest' Op.31 no.2 (1802) . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano in A minor 'Kreutzer' Op.47 (1802-3) . . . Sym. #3 in E flat 'Eroica' Op.55 (1803) . . . Conc. for Violin, Cello, Piano & Orch. in C Op.56 (1803-4) . . . Piano Sonata #21 in C 'Waldstein' Op.53 (1803-4) . . . Fidelio [opera] Op.72 (1804-5) . . . Piano Sonata #23 in F minor 'Appassionata' Op.57 (1804-5) . . . Leonore Over. #3 (to the opera Fidelio) [orch.] Op.72a (1805-6) . . . Over. to (the opera) Fidelio [orch.] Op.72b (1805) . . . Piano Conc. #4 in G Op.58 (1805-6) . . . String Quartet #7 in F Op.59 no.1 (1805-6) . . . String Quartet #9 in C 'Hero' Op.59 no.3 (1805-6) . . . Sym. #4 in B flat Op.60 (1806) . . . Violin Conc. in D Op.61 (1806) . . . Over. to (the Collin play) Coriolan in C minor [orch.] Op.62 (1807) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano in A Op.69 (1807-8) . . . Sym. #5 in C minor Op.67 (1807-8) . . . Piano Trio #4 in D 'Ghost' Op.70 no.1 (1808) . . . Sym. #6 in F 'Pastoral' Op.68 (1808) . . . Piano Conc. #5 in E flat 'Emperor' Op.73 (1809) . . . Over. & Incidental Music to (the Goethe play) Egmont [orch.] Op.84 (1809-10) . . . Piano Sonata #26 in E flat 'Les Adieux' Op.81a (1809-10) . . . Piano Trio #7 in B flat 'Archduke' Op.97 (1810-1) . . . Sym. #7 in A Op.92 (1811-2) . . . Sym. #8 in F Op.93 (1812) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano in D Op.102 no.2 (1815) . . . Piano Sonata #29 in B flat 'Hammerklavier' Op.106 (1817-8) . . . Mass in D 'Missa Solemnis' [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.123 (1819-23) . . . 33 Variations on a Waltz by Diabelli [pf] Op.120 (1819, 1822-3) . . . Piano Sonata #31 in A flat Op.110 (1821-2) . . . Piano Sonata #32 in C minor Op.111 (1821-2) . . . Sym. #9 in D minor 'Choral' [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.125 (1822-4) . . . 6 Bagatelles [pf] Op.126 (1823-4) . . . String Quartet #15 in A minor Op.132 (1825) . . . String Quartet #13 in B flat Op.130 (1825-6) . . . Grosse Fuge in B flat [str qtt] Op.133 (1825-6) . . . String Quartet #14 in C sharp minor Op.131 (1826) . . . String Quartet #16 in F Op.135 (1826)
Musical Influences:  CPE Bach; -JS Bach; Cherubini; Clementi; Gluck; -Handel; J Haydn; Méhul; Mozart; ---Palestrina; Salieri
Has Influenced:  Alkan; ++Bartók; Berlioz; Berwald; +Bizet; ++Bloch; +Boito; +Borodin; +BRAHMS; BRUCKNER; Carulli; Chopin; Czerny; ++Dukas; +Dvorák; Franck; Giuliani; ++Honegger; +Indy; +Ives; +++Kagel; Lalo; Liszt; ++Mahler; ++Medtner; Mendelssohn; Mendelssohn-Hensel; Nicolai; Paganini; +Paine; ++Reger; Reicha; ++Schoenberg; SCHUBERT; C Schumann; R Schumann; ++Shostakovich; ++Sibelius; Spohr; ++Stenhammar; ++Tippett; +++Tower; WAGNER; Weber; ++Webern

Bellini, Vincenzo (1801-35) Italian
Style/Period:  Early Italian Romantic (bel canto)
Genre Profile:  002---0020---0001---100---03---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Conc. for Oboe & Strings in E flat (before 1826) . . . La Sonnambula [opera] (1831) . . . Norma [opera] (1831) . . . I Puritani [opera] (1835)
Musical Influences:  Mayr; -Mozart; --Pergolesi; ROSSINI; folksong
Has Influenced:  Chopin; -Donizetti; Glinka; Liszt; -Mercadante; -PACINI; Verdi; Wagner

Bennett, Richard Rodney (1936-) British
Style/Period:  Post-Schoenbergian Serial
Best Known For:  works prolifically in all main genres, but especially in stage & screen
Musical Influences:  -Berg; BOULEZ; Walton; jazz; popular song

Berg, Alban (1885-1935) Austrian; Vienna-based
Style/Period:  Expressionist to 1925; Serial thereafter
Genre Profile:  022---0202---0211---200---03---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  significant contributor to most main genres
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf/orch.] (1900-12) . . . Piano Sonata Op.1 (1907-8?) . . . String Quartet Op.3 (1910) . . . Three Pieces for Orch. Op.6 (1914-5) . . . Wozzeck [opera] Op.7 (1917-22) . . . Chamber Conc. [vln, pf & 13 wind instrs.] (1923-5) . . . Lyric Suite for String Quartet (1925-6) . . . Lulu [opera] (1929-35) . . . Lulu Symphony [suite for solo v & orch. from the opera] (1934) . . . Violin Conc. 'To the Memory of an Angel' (1935)
Musical Influences:  Brahms; Debussy; MAHLER; SCHOENBERG; Schreker; -Wagner; jazz
Has Influenced:  Babbitt; -Bartók; +Bennett; -Bridge; Britten; Dallapiccola; Finney; Ginastera; KA Hartmann; Henze; Kagel; Kokkonen; Larsson; Ligeti; Maderna; Perle; Schuller; [E Wellesz]; [BA Zimmermann]

Bergman, Erik (1911-2006) Finnish
Style/Period:  "experimental & eclectic"
Best Known For:  choral & vocal/choral-orchestral music
Musical Influences:  Kokkonen; Sibelius; Webern

Berio, Luciano (1925-2003) Italian
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde
Genre Profile:  012---1222---2211---212---12---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  works for solo player ('Sequenza' series)---music theatre & other works for solo v or vv & instrumental ensemble---chamber music---magnetic tape-based pcs---music on political subjects
Notable Works:  . . . Nones [orch.] (1954) . . . Sequenza I [fl] (1958) . . . Sequenza III [solo female v] (1965) . . . Sequenza V [trombone] (1966) . . . Sinfonia [8 solo vv & orch.] (1968, r1969)
Musical Influences:  DALLAPICCOLA; -Mahler; +Stockhausen; Stravinsky; folksong
Has Influenced:  Crumb

Berkeley, Lennox (1903-89) British
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical
Best Known For:  solo piano---songs---choral music
Musical Influences:  +Britten; Fauré; ---Mozart; Poulenc; Ravel; Stravinsky

Berlioz, Hector (1803-69) French; mainly Paris-based from 1821
Style/Period:  Early French Romantic (New German school)
Genre Profile:  332---0201---0001---110---03---330
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  dramatic music for orch.---concert overs.---operas---syms.---sacred vocal/choral-orchestral music---songs---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . Symphonie Fantastique Op.14 (1830) . . . Harold in Italy [sym. for va & orch.] Op.16 (1834) . . . Benvenuto Cellini [opera] (1834-7) . . . Grande Messe des Morts (Requiem) [solo v, chorus & orch.] Op.5 (1837) . . . Over. to (the opera) Benvenuto Cellini [orch.] Op.23 (1838) . . . Romeo & Juliet ['dramatic symphony' for solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.17 (1839) . . . Grande Symphonie Funèbre et Triomphale [military band, string orch. & chorus ad lib] Op.15 (1840) . . . Les Nuits d'Été [song cycle for solo v & pf/orch.] Op.7 (1840-1, 1843-56) . . . Roman Carnival Over. [concert over. based on material from the opera Benvenuto Cellini] Op.9 (1844) . . . The Damnation of Faust ['dramatic legend' for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.24 (1845-6) . . . Te Deum [solo v, chorus & orch.] Op.22 (1849) . . . L'Enfance du Christ [sacred oratorio for solo v, chorus & orch.] (1850-4) . . . Les Troyens [opera] (1856-8) . . . Béatrice et Bénédict [opera] (1860-2)
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; -Gluck; [J-F Le Sueur]; Méhul; Reicha; Spontini; Weber
Has Influenced:  Alkan; ++ARNOLD; Balakirev; Borodin; Busoni; Franck; Glinka; Indy; Liszt; Mahler; Mussorgsky; Rimsky-Korsakov; Saint-Saëns; Sibelius; Smetana; Jos Strauss; R Strauss; Tchaikovsky; Wagner

Bernstein, Leonard (1918-90) American; mainly New York-based
Style/Period:  American Vernacularist (w/eclectic Neoclassical, Neoromantic & Serial elements)
Genre Profile:  232---0122---1012---200---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  stage works & derivative orchestral suites---syms.---vocal/choral-orchestral music
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #1 'Jeremiah' [solo v & orch.] (1943) . . . Fancy Free [ballet] (1944) . . . Sym. #2 'Age of Anxiety' [pf & orch.] (1949) . . . Over. to (the comic operetta) Candide [orch.] (1955-6) . . . Symphonic Dances from (the musical) West Side Story [orch.] (1960) . . . Chichester Psalms [psalm settings for solo v, chorus & orch.] (1965)
Musical Influences:  Blitzstein; Copland; Gershwin; Ives; -Mahler; Piston; Stravinsky; Thompson; jazz; Hebrew liturgical music
Has Influenced:  Corigliano

Berwald, Franz (1796-1868) Swedish
Style/Period:  Early German Romantic
Best Known For:  syms.---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . Sym. #3 in C 'Sinfonie Singulière' (1845)
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; Hummel; +Mendelssohn; Spohr

Biber, Heinrich I. F. von (1644-1704) Bohemian; Salzburg-based from c1670
Style/Period:  Middle Austrian Baroque
Best Known For:  violin sonatas---chamber ensemble pcs---sacred vocal/choral music
Musical Influences:  French, German & Italian music

Billings, William (1746-1800) American; Boston-based
Style/Period:  "American primitive"
Best Known For:  sacred choral music (hymns, anthems, 'fuging tunes,' etc.)
Musical Influences:  Handel
Has Influenced:  ++Cowell; +++Schuman

Binchois, Gilles (de) (c1400-60) Franco-Flemish; Burgundian court-based
Style/Period:  Early Franco-Flemish Renaissance
Best Known For:  secular songs (chansons)---mass movements & other small-scale sacred vocal music
Musical Influences:  DUNSTABLE; Gregorian chant
Has Influenced:  Ockeghem

Bizet, Georges (1838-75) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Middle French Romantic
Genre Profile:  232---0000---0002---200---03---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known Work:  . . . Sym. #1 in C (1855) . . . The Pearl Fishers [opera] (1863) . . . Jeux d'Enfants [12 pcs for pf 4 hands (also in orch. arr.)] Op.22 (1871) . . . L'Arlésienne Suite #1 [orch. suite from incidental music to the Daudet play] (1872) . . . Carmen [opera] (1873-4; orch. suites #1 & #2 1874)
Musical Influences:  -Beethoven; Donizetti; GOUNOD; Meyerbeer; --Mozart; Rossini; Verdi; -Weber; Spanish music; Asian & Middle Eastern music
Has Influenced:  Chabrier; -Delibes; Leoncavallo; Massenet; Tchaikovsky

Bliss, Arthur (1891-1975) British; mainly London-based
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Genre Profile:  222---1201---2202---200---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---film scores---choral music---ballets---brass (orchestral)
Notable Works:  . . . Things to Come [film score & orch. suite] (1934-5) . . . Music for Strings [string orch.] (1935)
Musical Influences:  Elgar; +Milhaud; ---Purcell; Ravel; Schoenberg; Stanford; Stravinsky; jazz

Blitzstein, Marc (1905-64) American
Style/Period:  American Vernacularist
Best Known For:  dramatic works (for stage, film & radio) featuring political satire & social criticism
Musical Influences:  Schoenberg; Stravinsky; WEILL; jazz; popular song
Has Influenced:  Bernstein

Bloch, Ernest (1880-1959) Swiss-American
Style/Period:  Neoclassical (w/Jewish Nationalist & Neoromantic elements)
Genre Profile:  202---2222---2212---212---02---210
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  cello (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---violin (chamber combs., w/orch.)---music on Jewish subjects---quartets & quintets
Notable Works:  . . . Schelomo: Hebraic Rhapsody for Cello & Orch. (1915-6) . . . String Quartet #1 in B minor (1916) . . . Suite for Viola & Piano [also in va & orch. arr.] (1919) . . . Sonata #1 for Violin & Piano (1920) . . . Piano Quintet #1 (1921-3) . . . Baal Shem [suite for vln & pf] (1923) . . . From Jewish Life [suite for vc & pf] (1924) . . . Concerto Grosso #1 [pf & string orch.] (1924-5) . . . Violin Conc. (1937-8)
Musical Influences:  --Beethoven; DEBUSSY; Mussorgsky; R Strauss; Wagner; ---Renaissance music; Jewish religious music
Has Influenced:  Sessions; Thompson

Blow, John (1649-1708) British; London-based from 1668
Style/Period:  Middle English Baroque
Best Known For:  odes---anthems---songs---solo keyboard
Notable Works:  . . . Venus & Adonis [masque] (c1682) . . . Ode on the Death of Mr. Henry Purcell [2 solo vv, 2 recorders & basso-continuo] (p1696)
Musical Influences:  [C Gibbons]; Locke; French & Italian music
Has Influenced:  [W Croft]; PURCELL

Boccherini, Luigi (1743-1805) Italian; Spain-based after 1768
Style/Period:  Classical
Genre Profile:  201---1301---3222---000---00---210
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  cello (sonatas, concs.)---string quintets---quintets for guitar & string quartet---syms.---string quartets
Notable Works:  . . . Cello Conc. #7 in G G480 (1770) . . . Minuet from String Quintet #5 in E G275 (1771) . . . Cello Conc. #9 in B flat G482 (c1775?) . . . Quintet for Guitar & Strings #4 in D G448 (1798) . . . syms. G493-8, G503-22 (p1775-92)
Musical Influences:  J HAYDN; ---Palestrina; Sammartini; J Stamitz; Tartini

Boieldieu, François-Adrien (1775-1834) French; mainly Paris-based from 1796
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Best Known For:  comic operas
Notable Work:  . . . Harp Conc. in C (1801)
Musical Influences:  Cherubini; Méhul; Mozart; +Rossini
Has Influenced:  ADAM; Halévy

Boismortier, Joseph Bodin de (1689-1755) French
Style/Period:  Late French Baroque (galant)
Best Known For:  chamber music (espec. w/flute or recorder)
Musical Influences:  Italian music

Boito, Arrigo (1842-1918) Italian
Style/Period:  Middle Italian Romantic (w/eclectic French, German & Italian elements)
Best Known For:  operas; also as librettist of Ponchielli's La Gioconda and Verdi's Otello & Falstaff
Notable Work:  . . . Mefistofele [opera] (1868, r1875-8)
Musical Influences:  -Beethoven; Meyerbeer; Verdi; Wagner
Has Influenced:  -Verdi

Bolcom, William (1938-) American
Style/Period:  American Vernacularist (w/eclectic Expressionist, Neoclassical & Neoromantic elements)
Best Known For:  piano rags---chamber music---orchestral pcs---syms.---songs
Musical Influences:  -Joplin; Messiaen; Milhaud; RAGTIME; JAZZ; POPULAR SONG

Borodin, Alexander (1833-87) Russian; St. Petersburg-based
Style/Period:  Russian Nationalist (Romantic)
Genre Profile:  332---0000---1311---200---02---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  small
Best Known Work:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (c1850-c1885) . . . Prince Igor [opera; completed by Glazunov & Rimsky-Korsakov] (1869-70, 1874-87) . . . Sym. #2 in B minor (1869-76) . . . String Quartet #1 in A (1874-9) . . . In (the Steppes of) Central Asia [sym. poem] (1880) . . . String Quartet #2 in D (1881) . . . Sym. #3 in A minor (completed by Glazunov) (1882, 1886-7) . . . Over. to (the opera) Prince Igor [orch.; orchestration completed by Glazunov] (1888) . . . Polovtsian Dances from (the opera) Prince Igor [orch.; orchestration completed by Glazunov & Rimsky-Korsakov] (1888)
Musical Influences:  +Balakirev; -Beethoven; Berlioz; Chopin; Glinka; Liszt; Mendelssohn; +Mussorgsky; R Schumann; folksong; Central Asian music
Has Influenced:  Debussy; Glazunov; Glière; +Kabalevsky; +Khachaturian; Rachmaninov; Ravel; +Shostakovich; Sibelius; Stravinsky

Boulanger, Lili (1893-1918) French
Style/Period:  Impressionist (Romantic)
Best Known For:  vocal/choral-orchestral music---songs
Musical Influences:  Debussy; Fauré; -Wagner

Boulez, Pierre (1925-) French
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde
Genre Profile:  022---0010---2202---201---00---02x
Quantity of Work Produced:  small
Best Known For:  works for solo v or vv & instrumental ensemble---aleatory music---solo piano---orchestral pcs---magnetic tape-based pcs
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Sonata #2 (1948) . . . Le Soleil des Eaux [secular cantata for solo v or vv, chorus & chamber orch.] (1948, r1958 & 1965) . . . Le Marteau sans Maître [secular cantata for solo v & 6 instrs.] (1953-5, r1957) . . . Piano Sonata #3 (1955-7) . . . Pli Selon Pli [song settings of Mallarmé poems for solo v & orch.] (1957-62, r1980s)
Musical Influences:  Cage; -Debussy; MESSIAEN; Schoenberg; Stravinsky; Varèse; Webern; music of India
Has Influenced:  BENNETT; -Cage; Holliger; -Ligeti

Boyce, William (1711-79) British; London-based
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Best Known For:  overs. & syms.---anthems
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #1 in B flat [arr. by C. Lambert] Op.2 no.1 (p1760) . . . O Where Shall Wisdom be Found? [anthem] (1769?) . . . Voluntary #1 in D [keyb] (p1779)
Musical Influences:  +JC Bach; Corelli; Handel; French & Italian music

Brahms, Johannes (1833-97) German; Hamburg-based to 1862; Vienna-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  303---3302---3333---320---00---330
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  important contributor to most main genres (except ballet & opera)
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1851-96) . . . 21 Hungarian Dances (in 4 books) [pf 4 hands] (1852-69) . . . Piano Sonata #3 in F minor Op.5 (1853) . . . Piano Conc. #1 in D minor Op.15 (1854-8) . . . Sym. #1 in C minor Op.68 (1855-76) . . . A German Requiem [cantata/oratorio for 2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1857-68) . . . Serenade #1 in D [orch.] Op.11 (1857-8) . . . Serenade #2 in A [small orch.] Op.16 (1858-9, r1875) . . . 25 Variations & Fugue on a Theme by Handel in B flat [pf] Op.24 (1861) . . . Piano Quartet #1 in G minor Op.25 (1861) . . . Piano Quintet in F minor Op.34 (1861-4) . . . 28 Variations on a Theme by Paganini [pf] Op.35 (1862-3) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano #1 in E minor Op.38 (1862-5) . . . String Sextet #2 in G [2 vlns, 2 va & 2 vc] Op.36 (1864-5) . . . Trio for Horn, Violin & Piano in E flat Op.40 (1865) . . . String Quartet #1 in C minor Op.51 no.1 (1865?-73) . . . Schicksalslied [secular poem setting for chorus & orch.] Op.54 (1868-71) . . . Alto Rhapsody [secular poem setting for solo v, chorus & orch.] Op.53 (1869) . . . 3 Hungarian Dances [orch. arr.] (1873) . . . Variations on a Theme by Haydn in B flat [orch. arr.] Op.56a (1873; also in 2 pf arr. as Op.56b) . . . Sym. #2 in D Op.73 (1877) . . . Violin Conc. in D Op.77 (1878) . . . Piano Conc. #2 in B flat Op.83 (1878-81) . . . 3 sonatas for violin & piano Opp. 78/100/108 (1878-9/1886/1886-8) . . . 2 Rhapsodies for Piano in B minor/G minor Op.79 (1879) . . . Academic Festival Over. in C minor [concert over.] Op.80 (1880) . . . Tragic Over. in D minor [concert over.] Op.81 (1880, r1881) . . . Gesang der Parzen [Goethe text setting for 6-part chorus & orch.] Op.89 (1882) . . . Sym. #3 in F Op.90 (1883) . . . Sym. #4 in E minor Op.98 (1884-5) . . . Piano Trio #3 in C minor Op.101 (1886) . . . Conc. for Violin, Cello & Orch. in A minor Op.102 (1887) . . . Quintet for Clarinet & Strings in B minor Op.115 (1891) . . . Trio for Clarinet, Cello & Piano in A minor Op.114 (1891) . . . 20 piano miniatures Opp. 116-9 (1892) . . . Sonata for Clarinet & Piano in F minor Op.120 no.1 (1894)
Musical Influences:  --JS Bach; -BEETHOVEN; ---Buxtehude; --Handel; Mendelssohn; --Mozart; -Schubert; C Schumann; R SCHUMANN; ---Schütz; Spohr; folksong; ---Baroque & Renaissance music
Has Influenced:  +Barber; Bartók; Beach; Berg; Bridge; Busoni; DOHNÁNYI; Dvorák; Elgar; Enescu; Fibich; Glazunov; Hindemith; Ireland; +Kokkonen; Mahler; Medtner; Nielsen; PARRY; Pfitzner; REGER; -Reinecke; -C Schumann; Schoenberg; Schreker; STANFORD; Stenhammar; R Strauss; Szymanowski; [E Toch]; Webern; Wolf-Ferrari; Zemlinsky

Bridge, Frank (1879-1941) British
Style/Period:  Late (post-Brahmsian) Romantic to c1918; Impressionist/Expressionist thereafter
Genre Profile:  012---1200---2222---220---11---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  chamber music---orchestral pcs---string instr(s). (chamber combs., w/orch., orchestral)
Notable Works:  . . . Suite for String Orch. (1908) . . . The Sea [suite for large orch.] (1910-1) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano in D minor (1913-7) . . . Piano Trio #2 (1929)
Musical Influences:  +Bartók; +Berg; Brahms; Delius; Scriabin; Stanford
Has Influenced:  BRITTEN

Britten, Benjamin (1913-76) British
Style/Period:  Neoclassical
Genre Profile:  222---2201---0212---213---23---230
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas---orchestral pcs---vocal/choral-orchestral music---songs---cello (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---works for solo player---music for children & amateurs
Notable Works:  . . . secular songs & song cycles [solo v & pf/orch./other accompaniment] (1929-75) . . . Simple Symphony [string orch.] Op.4 (1933-4) . . . Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge [string orch.] Op.10 (1937) . . . 3 string quartets Opp. 25/36/94 (1941/1945/1975) . . . A Ceremony of Carols [sacred text for treble chorus & harp] Op.28 (1942) . . . Serenade for Tenor, Horn & Strings [songs] Op.31 (1943) . . . Peter Grimes [opera] Op.33 (1944-5) . . . Four Sea Interludes from (the opera) Peter Grimes [orch.] Op.33a (1944-5) . . . The Young Person's Guide to the Orch. [orch.] Op.34 (1946) . . . Spring Symphony [secular cantata for 3 solo vv, choruses & orch.] Op.44 (1949) . . . Billy Budd [opera] Op.50 (1951) . . . Six Metamorphoses after Ovid [oboe] Op.49 (1951) . . . The Turn of the Screw [chamber opera] Op.54 (1954) . . . A Midsummer Night's Dream [opera] Op.64 (1960) . . . War Requiem [sacred & secular texts for 3 solo vv, choruses & orchs.] Op.66 (1961) . . . Cello Symphony [vc & orch.] Op.68 (1963) . . . Nocturnal after John Dowland [guitar] Op.70 (1963) . . . 3 cello suites Opp. 72/80/87 (1964/1967/1972)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Berg; BRIDGE; Holst; Ireland; -Mahler; McPhee; ---Purcell; Schoenberg; Stanford; Stravinsky; -Verdi; Walton; gamelan music
Has Influenced:  -Berkeley; -Shostakovich

Brouwer, Leo (1939-) Cuban
Style/Period:  Nationalist to c1964; highly eclectic thereafter (at first Avant-garde, more recently Neoromantic/Impressionist)
Best Known For:  guitar (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Work:  . . . Elogio de la Danza [guitar] (1964)
Musical Influences:  Henze; Penderecki; Stockhausen; folk music; African & Cuban music

Bruch, Max (1838-1920) German; Berlin-based after 1891
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic
Genre Profile:  201---0302---2121---101---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  violin (w/orch.)---cello (w/orch.)---choral-orchestral music
Notable Works:  . . . Violin Conc. #1 in G minor Op.26 (1866) . . . Kol Nidrei [variations for vc & orch.] Op.47 (1880) . . . Scottish Fantasy [vln & orch.] Op.46 (1880) . . . 8 Pieces [cl, va (or vc) & pf] Op.83 (p1910)
Musical Influences:  [F Hiller]; Mendelssohn; +Sarasate; R Schumann; folk music
Has Influenced:  Respighi

Bruckner, Anton (1824-96) Austrian; Vienna-based from 1868
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic
Genre Profile:  301---0000---2111---110---00---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  syms.---masses---sacred motets
Notable Works:  . . . Mass #2 in E minor [chorus, woodwinds & brass] (1866, r1876 & 1882) . . . Mass #3 in F minor [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1867-8, r1876 & 1881) . . . Sym. #4 in E flat 'Romantic' (1874, 1878-80, r1886) . . . Sym. #5 in B flat (1875-6) . . . String Quintet in F (1879) . . . Sym. #7 in E (1881-3) . . . Te Deum in C [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1881-4) . . . Sym. #8 in C minor (1884-7, 1889-90) . . . Sym. #9 in D minor (1891-6)
Musical Influences:  --JS Bach; BEETHOVEN; -J Haydn; Liszt; Mendelssohn; --Mozart; ---Palestrina; Schubert; WAGNER; ---Renaissance polyphony
Has Influenced:  +KA Hartmann; Mahler; ++Penderecki; Sibelius; Stenhammar

Bruhns, Nicolaus (1665-97) German; North Germany-based
Style/Period:  Middle German Baroque
Best Known For:  solo organ---sacred cantatas
Notable Works:  . . . Prelude & Fugue in E minor #1 [org] (d?) . . . Prelude & Fugue in E minor #2 [org] (d?)
Musical Influences:  BUXTEHUDE

Bull, John (c1562-1628) British; South Netherlands-based from 1613
Style/Period:  Late English Renaissance
Best Known For:  solo keyboard
Musical Influences:  Byrd; Tallis
Has Influenced:  Sweelinck