Cabezón, Antonio de (c1500-66) Spanish
Style/Period:  Middle Spanish Renaissance
Best Known For:  solo organ
Musical Influences:  Josquin
Has Influenced:  Byrd; Sweelinck

Caccini, Giulio (c1550-1618) Italian; Florence & Rome-based
Style/Period:  Early Italian Baroque
Best Known For:  songs---madrigals---operas
Notable Work:   . . . Amarilli Mia Bella [song] (p1602)

Cage, John (1912-92) American; mainly California & New York-based
Style/Period:  American Avant-garde
Genre Profile:  012---2001---2222---212---10---02x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  aleatory music---works accenting use of time, space and silence---solo piano, espec. prepared piano---chamber music---magnetic tape-based pcs---percussion (chamber combs.)---solo voice
Notable Works:  . . . Third Construction [perc quartet] (1941) . . . Amores [2 prepared pf & 2 perc trios] (1943) . . . Sonatas & Interludes [prepared pf] (1946-8) . . . Conc. for Prepared Piano & Chamber Orch. (1951) . . . Atlas Eclipticalis [any combination of up to 86 instrs.] (1961-2)
Musical Influences:  +Boulez; Cowell; +Feldman; +Harrison; Ives; Satie; Schoenberg; Varèse; Webern; MUSIC OF INDIA; chance events; silence
Has Influenced:  Boulez; [E Brown]; Crumb; FELDMAN; Glass; Harrison; Kagel; Lutoslawski; Maderna; Oliveros; Reich; Riley; Stockhausen; Takemitsu; [C Wolff]; [La Young]

Campion, Thomas (1567-1620) British
Style/Period:  Late English Renaissance
Best Known For:  lute songs (ayres)---masques
Musical Influences:  Dowland; French & Italian music

Canteloube de Malaret, (Marie-)Joseph (1879-1957) French
Style/Period:  French Nationalist
Best Known For:  songs
Notable Work:  . . . Chants d'Auvergne [4 vol. song collection for solo v & orch./pf] (1923-30)
Musical Influences:  FOLKSONG

Carissimi, Giacomo (1605-74) Italian; Rome-based
Style/Period:  Middle Italian Baroque
Best Known For:  sacred oratorios & cantatas
Musical Influences:  Monteverdi; [L Rossi]
Has Influenced:  [A Cesti]; M-A CHARPENTIER; F Couperin; +Handel; Lully; A SCARLATTI

Carpenter, John Alden (1876-1951) American; Chicago-based
Style/Period:  Impressionist (American Vernacularist)
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Adventures in a Perambulator [suite for orch.] (1915) . . . Krazy Kat ['jazz pantomime' for orch.] (1921, r1940)
Musical Influences:  Debussy; Elgar; Ravel; JAZZ; RAGTIME; POPULAR SONG

Carter, Elliott (1908-) American
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical to c1950; Serial (Expressionist) thereafter
Genre Profile:  212---2122---2222---202---21---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  concs.---string quartets---sonatas
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Sonata (1945-6, r1982) . . . The Minotaur [ballet] (1947) . . . String Quartet #1 (1950-1) . . . Variations [orch.] (1954-5) . . . String Quartet #2 (1959) . . . Double Conc. [pf, hpschd & 2 chamber orchs.] (1961) . . . Piano Conc. (1964-5) . . . String Quartet #3 (1971)
Musical Influences:  Copland; Hindemith; Ives; +Nancarrow; Piston; Schoenberg; Stravinsky; Varèse; ---Medieval, Renaissance & Baroque music
Has Influenced:  Zwilich

Carulli, Ferdinando (1770-1841) Italian; Paris-based from 1808
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Best Known For:  guitar (solo, chamber combs.)
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; Mozart; +Rossini; cello & violin music

Casella, Alfredo (1883-1947) Italian
Style/Period:  Impressionist to c1920; Neoclassical thereafter
Best Known For:  chamber music---concs.---orchestral pcs---piano (solo, 2 players)
Notable Work:  . . . Paganiniana [orch.] Op.65 (1942)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Debussy; Fauré; Mahler: Ravel; Schoenberg; R Strauss; Stravinsky; Italian Baroque music
Has Influenced:  Dallapiccola; -Malipiero; PETRASSI

Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Mario (1895-1968) Italian-American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Genre Profile:  022---1221---2112---212---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  guitar (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---solo piano---songs---film scores---Shakespeare overs.
Notable Works:  . . . 33 Shakespeare Songs [solo v & pf] Op.24 (1921-5) . . . Guitar Conc. in D Op.99 (1939)
Musical Influences:  Debussy; Pizzetti; Puccini; Ravel; Respighi; R Strauss

Cavalli, (Pietro [Pier]) Francesco (1602-76) Italian; Venice-based
Style/Period:  Early Italian Baroque (Venetian school)
Best Known For:  operas---vocal church music
Musical Influences:  G Gabrieli; MONTEVERDI
Has Influenced:  Lully; Purcell; A Scarlatti

Chabrier, Emmanuel (1841-94) French; mainly Paris-based from 1856
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic
Genre Profile:  022---0010---0001---200---02---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---operas---solo piano---songs
Notable Works:  . . . 10 Pièces Pittoresques [pf] (1881) . . . España [rhapsody for orch.] (1883) . . . Gwendoline [opera] (1885) . . . Le Roi Malgré Lui [opera] (1887) . . . Joyeuse Marche [orch.] (1888) . . . Bourrée Fantasque [pf] (1891)
Musical Influences:  Bizet; WAGNER; Spanish music
Has Influenced:  Debussy; Ibert; +Poulenc; RAVEL; SATIE

Charpentier, Gustave (1860-1956) French; mainly Paris-based from c1881
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic (verismo)
Best Known Work:  . . . Louise [opera] (1900)
Musical Influences:  Gounod; Massenet; Wagner

Charpentier, Marc-Antoine (1643-1704) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Middle French Baroque
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music (masses, motets, oratorios, psalm settings)---stage works
Notable Works:  . . . Te Deum [8/4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] H146 (1692?) . . . Medée [opera] H491 (1693)
Musical Influences:  CARISSIMI; Lully; Italian music
Has Influenced:  F Couperin; Lalande

Chausson, Ernest (1855-99) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Late (post-Wagnerian) French Romantic
Genre Profile:  222---0200---2222---100---02---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known Work:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1878-98) . . . Sym. in B flat Op.20 (1889-90) . . . Concert for Violin, Piano & String Quartet in D Op.21 (1889-91) . . . Poème [vln & orch.] Op.25 (1896)
Musical Influences:  ---F Couperin; +Debussy; Franck; Massenet; WAGNER; German Romantics
Has Influenced:  Debussy

Chávez (y Ramírez), Carlos (1899-1978) Mexican; mainly Mexico City-based
Style/Period:  Mexican Nationalist/Neoclassical
Best Known For:  syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #1 'Sinfonía de Antígona' (1933) . . . Sym. #2 'Sinfonía India' (1935-6)
Musical Influences:  Ponce; --R Schumann; Stravinsky; Mexican Native American music

Cherubini, Luigi (1760-1842) Italian-French; Paris-based from 1786
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Genre Profile:  232---0010---2200---120---13---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas & opera overs.---masses---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Medée [opera] (1797) . . . Les Deux Journées [opera] (1800) . . . Over. to (the opera-ballet) Anacréon [orch.] (1803) . . . Requiem Mass #1 in C minor [4 vv & orch.] (1816) . . . Requiem Mass #2 in D minor [3 vv & orch.] (1836)
Musical Influences:  GLUCK; J Haydn; +Méhul; Mozart; Piccinni; Salieri; +Spontini
Has Influenced:  Auber; Beethoven; Boieldieu; Halévy; Spohr; Spontini; Weber

Chopin, Fryderyk (1810-49) Polish-French; mainly Paris-based from 1831
Style/Period:  Early French Romantic (Paris virtuoso school) w/Polish Nationalist tendencies
Genre Profile:  000---3000---0012---300---00---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . over 60 mazurkas [pf] (1820-49) . . . 19 waltzes [pf] (1827-48) . . . Piano Conc. #2 in F minor Op.21 (1829-30) . . . 12 Etudes [pf] Op.10 (1829-32) . . . Piano Conc. #1 in E minor Op.11 (1830) . . . Nocturne #2 in E flat [pf] Op.9 no.2 (1830-1) . . . Andante Spianato in G & Grande Polonaise in E flat [pf & orch.] Op.22 (1830-1, 1834) . . . Ballade #1 in G minor [pf] Op.23 (1831-5) . . . 12 Etudes [pf] Op.25 (1832-6) . . . Nocturne #8 in D flat [pf] Op.27 no.2 (1835) . . . 24 Preludes [pf] Op.28 (1836-9) . . . Polonaise #3 in A 'Military' [pf] Op.40 no.1 (1838) . . . Piano Sonata #2 in B flat minor Op.35 (1839) . . . Ballade #3 in A flat [pf] Op.47 (1840-1) . . . Fantasie in F minor [pf] Op.49 no.1 (1841) . . . Ballade #4 in F minor [pf] Op.52 (1842) . . . Polonaise #6 in A flat 'Heroique' [pf] Op.53 (1842) . . . Nocturne #16 in E flat [pf] Op.55 no.2 (1843) . . . Piano Sonata #3 in B minor Op.58 (1844) . . . Barcarolle in F sharp [pf] Op.60 (1845-6) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano in G minor Op.65 (1845-6)
Musical Influences:  --JS Bach; Beethoven; Bellini; Clementi; Field; Hummel; -Mozart; Paganini; Rossini; Weber; folk music
Has Influenced:  +Albéniz; Alkan; +Arensky; Balakirev; Borodin; Cui; +Debussy; +Delius; Dvorák; +Falla; Fauré; Franck; -Glinka; Gottschalk; +Granados; Grieg; -JPE Hartmann; Liszt; ++Lutoslawski; +Lyadov; -Mendelssohn-Hensel; ++Mompou; +Paderewski; +Rachmaninov; ++Ravel; +Reger; Rubinstein; Saint-Saëns; +SCRIABIN; Smetana; ++Szymanowski; Tchaikovsky; Wagner; Wieniawski

Cimarosa, Domenico (1749-1801) Italian; mainly Naples-based
Style/Period:  Classical
Genre Profile:  020---1012---1100---220---03---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  comic operas---keyboard sonatas---concs.---masses
Notable Works:  . . . Il Matrimonio Segreto [opera] (1792) . . . Sinfonia Concertante for 2 Flutes & Orch. in G (1793) . . . Conc. for Oboe & Strings in C (1942 arr. by A. Benjamin)
Musical Influences:  J Haydn; +Mozart; Piccinni; [A Sacchini]
Has Influenced:  Mozart; Rossini

Clemens non Papa [Clement, Jacob] (c1513 - 1555/6) Franco-Flemish
Style/Period:  Middle Franco-Flemish Renaissance
Best Known For:  masses---psalm settings---sacred motets---chansons
Musical Influences:  Josquin
Has Influenced:  Byrd; Lasso

Clementi, Muzio (1752-1832) Italian-British; mainly London-based from c1766
Style/Period:  Post-Classical (London piano school)
Best Known For:  keyboard (piano) sonatas---syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Keyboard Sonata in F minor Op.13 no.6 (1785) . . . Keyboard Sonata in F sharp minor Op.25 no.5 (1790)
Musical Influences:  -JS Bach; J Haydn; +Mozart; D Scarlatti
Has Influenced:  Beethoven; Czerny; Field; Hummel

Coleridge-Taylor, Samuel (1875-1912) British; London-based
Style/Period:  Late Romantic
Best Known For:  vocal/choral-orchestral music---orchestral pcs---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . The Song of Hiawatha [secular cantata for 3 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.30 (1898-1900)
Musical Influences:  DVORÁK; Grieg; Stanford; traditional African-American music (spirituals, etc.)
Has Influenced:  Still

Copland, Aaron (1900-90) American; mainly New York-based
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical with American Vernacularist tendencies, turning American Nationalist c1935-c1955
Genre Profile:  232---2020---2212---210---32---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  ballets & film scores and derivative orchestral suites---orchestral pcs---syms.---songs---solo piano---concs.
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Variations [pf] (1930) . . . El Salon Mexico [orch.] (1933-6) . . . Billy the Kid [ballet & orch. suite] (1938) . . . Quiet City [English horn, trumpet & string orch. arr.; from incidental music to the I. Shaw play] (1939) . . . Piano Sonata (1939-41) . . . Fanfare for the Common Man [brass & perc] (1942) . . . Lincoln Portrait [spoken word & orch.] (1942) . . . Rodeo: Four Dance Episodes (from the ballet) [orch.] (1942) . . . Appalachian Spring [ballet] (1943-4; orch. suite 1945) . . . Sym. #3 (1944-6) . . . Clarinet Conc. (1947-8) . . . The Red Pony [film score & orch. suite] (1948) . . . 12 Poems of Emily Dickinson [solo v & pf] (1949-50) . . . Old American Songs (2 sets) [solo v & pf/orch.] (1950/1952) . . . The Tender Land [opera] (1952-4)
Musical Influences:  Debussy; Gershwin; Milhaud; Schoenberg; Scriabin; Stravinsky; Thomson; NORTH & LATIN AMERICANA; jazz
Has Influenced:  Barber; Bernstein; Carter; Corigliano; Druckman; Foss; Rorem

Corelli, Arcangelo (1653-1713) Italian; Rome-based from c1675
Style/Period:  Late Italian Baroque
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  small
Best Known For:  concerti grossi---trio sonatas---violin sonatas
Notable Works:  . . . 12 Trio Sonatas [2 vlns & continuo] Op.2 (p1685) . . . 12 Trio Sonatas [2 vlns & continuo] Op.3 (p1689) . . . Sonata for Violin & Continuo 'La Folia' Op.5 no.12 (p1700) . . . Concerto Grosso for 2 Violins, Viola & String Orch. in G minor 'Christmas' Op.6 no.8 (p1714)
Musical Influences:  Lully; Stradella; 'Bologna school' [e.g. G Vitali]
Has Influenced:  Albinoni; Boyce; F COUPERIN; Fux; [F Gasparini]; GEMINIANI; HANDEL; Leclair; Locatelli; +++Martinu; MUFFAT; -Pasquini; Pergolesi; A Scarlatti; D Scarlatti; -Stradella; Tartini; TELEMANN; Vivaldi

Corigliano, John (1938-) American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Best Known For:  syms.---stage works---concs.
Notable Work:  . . . Sym. #1 (1990)
Musical Influences:  Bernstein; Copland; ---Mozart

Couperin, François (1668-1733) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Late French Baroque (w/eclectic French & Italian elements)
Genre Profile:  000---0000---2221---030---00---210
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  solo harpsichord---chamber music---sacred motets---solo organ
Notable Works:  . . . Pièces d'Orgues [2 masses for org] (p1690) . . . Leçons de Ténèbres [3 sacred services for solo v & continuo (#1 & #2) & 2 solo vv (#3)] (1713-7) . . . Pièces de Clavecin [4 books of hpschd miniatures] (p1713-30) . . . 4 Concerts Royaux [vln, fl, oboe, viol & bassoon (or for solo hpschd)] (p1722) . . . 10 Nouveaux Concerts [instrumentation unspecified] (p1724) . . . Les Nations [trio sonatas & suites for 2 vlns & continuo] (p1726) . . . Pièces de Violes [2 suites for viola da gamba & continuo] (p1728)
Musical Influences:  Carissimi; M-A Charpentier; CORELLI; Lalande; Lully
Has Influenced:  JS Bach; +++Chausson; +++Debussy; +++Ravel; Telemann

Couperin, Louis (1626-61) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Middle French Baroque
Best Known For:  solo harpsichord---solo organ
Notable Works:  . . . Pièces de Clavecins [5 books of solo hpschd pcs] (d?)
Musical Influences:  [J Chambonnières]; Froberger
Has Influenced:  -Froberger

Cowell, Henry (1897-1965) American
Style/Period:  Experimentalist/Exoticist
Genre Profile:  212---2122---2222---212---00---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  solo piano---syms.---choral music---orchestral pcs---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . String Quartet #3 'Mosaic' (1935) . . . Sym. #11 'Seven Rituals of Music' (1953-4)
Musical Influences:  IVES; [C Seeger]; East Asian music; folk music & fuguing tunes
Has Influenced:  Cage; Crawford; Crumb; Harrison; Nancarrow

Crawford (Seeger), Ruth (1901-53) American
Style/Period:  Experimentalist
Notable Work:  . . . String Quartet (1931)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Cowell; Scriabin; [C Seeger]

Creston, Paul (1906-85) American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---concs.
Musical Influences:  Stravinsky

Crumb, George (1929-) American
Style/Period:  Mystical
Genre Profile:  002---0000---1222---212---00---12x
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  vocal-orchestral music (settings of verse by Lorca)---orchestral pcs---music for electric piano & other amplified instrs.
Notable Works:  . . . Cello Sonata [unacc. vc] (1955) . . . Ancient Voices of Children [song cycle for 2 solo vv & 7 instrs.] (1970) . . . Makrokosmos I & II [2 vols. of works for amplified pf] (1972-3) . . . Makrokosmos III 'Music for a Summer Evening' [2 amplified pf & 2 percussionists] (1974)
Musical Influences:  BARTÓK; Berio; Cage; Cowell; -Debussy; Finney; Ives; -Mahler; Webern; Viennese music tradition

Cui, Cesar (1835-1918) Russian; mainly St. Petersburg-based from 1851
Style/Period:  Middle Russian Romantic
Best Known For:  solo piano---songs---operas---orchestral pcs
Notable Work:  . . . Kaleydoskop #9--Orientale [vln & pf] Op.50 no.9 (1893)
Musical Influences:  +Balakirev; Chopin; R Schumann; 19th Century opera

Czerny, C[K]arl (1791-1857) Austrian; Vienna-based
Style/Period:  Post-Classical (Viennese Classical)
Best Known For:  piano (solo, multiple players), incl. arrs. of other composers' works and exercises & studies
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; Clementi; Hummel
Has Influenced:  Liszt

Dallapiccola, Luigi (1904-75) Italian; mainly Florence-based from 1922
Style/Period:  Neoclassical to c1940; Post-Webernian Serial thereafter
Best Known For:  operas---vocal/choral-orchestral music
Notable Work:  Ulisse [opera] (1960-8)
Musical Influences:  Berg; Busoni; Casella; Debussy; ---Gesualdo; Malipiero; ---Monteverdi; Schoenberg; Webern
Has Influenced:  BERIO; Finney

Danzi, Franz (1763-1826) German
Style/Period:  Classical (Mannheim school)
Best Known For:  chamber music---concs.---woodwinds (chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Work:  . . . Wind Quintet in G minor Op.56 no.2 (1821)
Musical Influences:  +Reicha; [G Vogler]; +Weber
Has Influenced:  Weber

Dargomïzhsky, Alexander (1813-69) Russian
Style/Period:  Middle Russian Romantic
Best Known For:  operas---songs---orchestral pcs
Notable Works:  . . . Rusalka [opera] (1848-55) . . . songs [solo v & pf] (early 1830s-c1866)
Musical Influences:  Auber; Glinka; Meyerbeer; Rossini; folksong
Has Influenced:  Balakirev; Mussorgsky; Rimsky-Korsakov

Davidovsky, Mario (1934-) Argentinian-American
Style/Period:  Post-Webernian Serial (Avant-garde)
Best Known For:  magnetic tape-based pcs
Notable Works:  . . . 'Synchronism' series [8 works for instrs. & magnetic tape] (1963-74)
Musical Influences:  Babbitt

Davies, Peter Maxwell (1934-) British; Orkney-based from 1970
Style/Period:  Serial & highly varied, with Expressionist & Neomedieval elements to c1975 but an increasingly Neoromantic emphasis thereafter
Genre Profile:  222---0222---2112---212---12---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  works productively in all main genres, incl. music for children & amateurs
Notable Works:  . . . Sinfonia [chamber orch.] (1962) . . . Taverner [opera] (1962-8) . . . Eight Songs for a Mad King [music theatre for solo v & approximately 8 instrumentalists] (1969) . . . Farewell to Stromness [pf] (1980) . . . Strathclyde concertos [continuing series of concertos] (1987-)
Musical Influences:  -Mahler; Messiaen; ---Monteverdi; Schoenberg; Sibelius; ---Taverner; Webern; ---Medieval music; ---Elizabethan/Tudor & Baroque music

Debussy, Claude (1862-1918) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Impressionist
Genre Profile:  023---2120---0223---302---23---030
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs.)---orchestral pcs---songs & song cycles---chamber music---ballets---harp (chamber combs., w/orch.)---Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (c1879-1915) . . . 2 Arabesques [pf] (1888-91) . . . Clair de Lune (from 'Suite Bergamasque') [pf] (1890, r1905) . . . Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun [sym. poem] (1892-4) . . . String Quartet in G minor Op.10 (1893) . . . Pelléas et Mélisande [opera] (1893-5, 1901-2) . . . Chansons de Bilitis [song cycle for solo v & pf] (1897-8) . . . 3 Nocturnes [orch. (#1 & #2) and orch. & chorus (#3)] (1897-9) . . . Estampes [pf suite] (1903) . . . La Mer, Three Symphonic Sketches (1903-5) . . . Danse Sacrée et Danse Profane [harp & string orch.] (1904) . . . Images (2 sets) [pf] (1905/1907; orch. suite 1905-12) . . . Children's Corner [suite of 6 works for pf] (1906-8), incl. 'Golliwog's Cakewalk' . . . Preludes, Book 1 [pf] (1909-10) . . . Jeux [ballet] (1912-3) . . . Preludes, Book 2 [pf] (1912-3) . . . Syrinx [fl] (1913) . . . 12 Etudes [pf] (1915) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano in D minor (1915) . . . Sonata for Flute, Viola & Harp (1915) . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano in G minor (1916-7)
Musical Influences:  Albéniz; Borodin; Chabrier; Chausson; -Chopin; ---F Couperin; +Dukas; Fauré; Gounod; Lalo; Liszt; Massenet; Mussorgsky; --Rameau; +Ravel; +Satie; Wagner; gamelan & other East Asian music; French Renaissance music
Has Influenced:  Alain; -Albéniz; Barber; Bartók; Bax; Beach; Berg; BLOCH; Boulanger; +Boulez; Carpenter; Casella; Castelnuovo-Tedesco; -Chausson; Copland; +Crumb; Dallapiccola; Delius; Dukas; Dutilleux; Enescu; Falla; GRIFFES; Hindemith; Honegger; Ibert; Ireland; Jolivet; Karg-Elert; KODÁLY; Koechlin; Kokkonen; +Kolb; +Ligeti; -Loeffler; Lutoslawski; Malipiero; Martin; MARTINU; Mascagni; Messiaen; Milhaud; Mompou; Novák; Orff; Pierné; [W Pijper]; Pizzetti; Poulenc; Prokofiev; -Puccini; Ravel; Reger; Respighi; Rodrigo; +Rorem; ROUSSEL; Ruggles; Satie; Schreker; Scriabin; Stravinsky; Szymanowski; +TAKEMITSU; Turina; Varèse; Villa-Lobos; 'New Age' music

Delibes, (C.P.) Léo (1836-91) French; Paris-based from 1847
Style/Period:  Middle French Romantic
Genre Profile:  020---0000---0001---100---32---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  ballets & operas, & derivative orchestral suites
Notable Works:  . . . Coppélia [ballet] (1870; orch. suite 1883?) . . . Sylvia [ballet] (1876; orch. suite 1880?) . . . Lakmé [opera] (1883)
Musical Influences:  ADAM; +Bizet; Meyerbeer; Asian music
Has Influenced:  Elgar; Tchaikovsky

Delius, Frederick (1862-1934) British
Style/Period:  Late Romantic (Impressionist)
Genre Profile:  023---2201---0102---110---02---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  symphonic poems & other orchestral pcs---songs & song cycles---choral-orchestral music---stage works
Notable Works:  . . . Sea Drift [Whitman settings for solo v, chorus & orch.] (1903-4) . . . Brigg Fair (An English Rhapsody) [variations for orch.] (1907) . . . Interlude from (the lyric drama) A Village Romeo & Juliet [orch.] (1907) . . . In a Summer Garden [rhapsody for orch.] (1908, r1909) . . . A Song of the High Hills [chorus & orch.] (1911) . . . Summer Night on the River [sym. poem for small orch.] (1911) . . . On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring [sym. poem for small orch.] (1912) . . . North Country Sketches [suite for orch.] (1913-4) . . . Violin Conc. (1916)
Musical Influences:  -Chopin; Debussy; Grieg; WAGNER; folk music
Has Influenced:  Bax; Bridge; Grainger; Moeran; WARLOCK

Dello Joio, Norman (1913-) American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---operas---music on religious subjects
Musical Influences:  HINDEMITH; jazz; popular song; Gregorian chant; 19th Century Italian opera

Desprez, Josquin [see under 'Josquin Desprez']

Diamond, David (1915-2005) American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (symphonic)
Best Known For:  syms.---quartets---songs
Musical Influences:  Ravel; Satie; Sessions; Stravinsky

Dittersdorf, K[C]arl Ditters von (1739-99) Austrian; Vienna-based to 1787
Style/Period:  Classical (Viennese Classical)
Best Known For:  syms.---concs.---chamber music---stage works
Musical Influences:  J Haydn; Jommelli; +Mozart; folksong

Dohnányi, Ernst von [Erno] (1877-1960) Hungarian; U.S.-based from 1949
Style/Period:  Late Romantic
Genre Profile:  202---2210---2222---201---12---110
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  chamber music---piano (solo, w/orch.)
Notable Work:  . . . Serenade for Violin, Viola & Cello in C (1902) . . . Variations on a Nursery Song [pf & orch.] Op.25 (1914)
Musical Influences:  BRAHMS; Liszt; Wagner

Donizetti, Gaetano (1797-1848) Italian
Style/Period:  Early Italian Romantic (bel canto)
Genre Profile:  121---0121---2212---211---13---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  operas---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . L'Elisir d'Amore [opera] (1832) . . . Lucia di Lammermoor [opera] (1835) . . . La Favorite [opera] (1840) . . . La Fille du Régiment [opera] (1840) . . . Don Pasquale [opera] (1843)
Musical Influences:  +Bellini; MAYR; ROSSINI
Has Influenced:  Bizet; Flotow; -Giuliani; Glinka; Ponchielli; Verdi

Dowland, John (1563-1626) British; travelled extensively in Europe for many years
Style/Period:  Late English Renaissance
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known Work:  . . . solo lute pcs . . . 85 secular lute songs (in 4 books) [3-5 vv & lute] (p1597/p1600/p1603/p1612) . . . Lachrimae [collection of works for viol consort & lute (6 instrs.)] (p1604) . . . In Darknesse Let Mee Dwell [lute song for solo v & lute] (p1610)
Musical Influences:  Marenzio; dance music; French & Italian music; chansons
Has Influenced:  Campion; -Morley; Weelkes

Druckman, Jacob (1928-96) American
Style/Period:  Serial (Expressionist, Neoromantic)
Best Known For:  vocal music---electronic & magnetic tape-based pcs---orchestral pcs
Musical Influences:  Copland; Persichetti; jazz

Dufay, Guillaume (c1398-1474) French
Style/Period:  Early Franco-Flemish Renaissance
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  masses---sacred motets---secular songs (chansons)
Notable Works:  . . . Missa Se la face ay pale [4 vv] (c1450) . . . Alma redemptoris mater [antiphon for 3 vv] (d?) . . . secular songs (chansons) [3-4 vv] (d?) . . . Missa Ave regina celorum [4 vv] (d?)
Musical Influences:  DUNSTABLE; plainchant; English & Italian music
Has Influenced:  [A Busnois]; Josquin; Obrecht; Ockeghem

Dukas, Paul (1865-1935) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic (Impressionist)
Genre Profile:  203---0000---0002---200---22---010
Quantity of Work Produced:  small
Best Known Work:  . . . The Sorcerer's Apprentice ['symphonic scherzo' for orch. (sym. poem)] (1897) . . . Ariane et Barbe-bleue [opera] (1899-1906) . . . Villanelle [horn & pf] (1906) . . . La Péri [ballet] (1911-2)
Musical Influences:  --Beethoven; Debussy; FRANCK; Lalo; R Strauss; WAGNER
Has Influenced:  -Albéniz; -Debussy; Enescu; Falla; Langlais; Messiaen; PISTON; Ponce; RODRIGO; Schoenberg; Stravinsky

Dunstable, John (c1390-1453) British
Style/Period:  Early English Renaissance
Best Known For:  masses & mass movements---sacred motets---antiphons
Musical Influences:  plainsong
Has Influenced:  BINCHOIS; DUFAY; Ockeghem

Duparc, Henri (1848-1933) French
Style/Period:  Middle French Romantic
Best Known Work:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1868-c1886; several later orchestrated)
Musical Influences:  Fauré; Franck; Gounod; Liszt; Wagner

Dupré, Marcel (1886-1971) French; mainly Paris-based from c1898
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (French organ school)
Genre Profile:  201---2000---1112---131---00---210
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  solo organ
Notable Work:  . . . 3 Preludes & Fugues [org] Op.7 (1912)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Franck; [A Guilmant]; Tournemire; VIERNE; WIDOR
Has Influenced:  Alain; Langlais; Messiaen

Duruflé, Maurice (1902-86) French; Paris-based from 1919
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (French organ school)
Best Known For:  choral-orchestral music---solo organ
Notable Work:  . . . Requiem [solo vv, chorus, org & orch.] Op.9 (1947)
Musical Influences:  Tournemire; Vierne; Gregorian chant; Impressionists

Dutilleux, Henri (1916-) French; mainly Paris-based from c1933
Style/Period:  ?
Best Known For:  syms.---orchestral pcs---chamber music
Musical Influences:  Debussy; Ravel; Roussel; Stravinsky

Dvorák, Antonin (1841-1904) Bohemian; mainly Prague-based from 1857 (worked in the U.S. 1892-95)
Style/Period:  Late German Romantic/Czech Nationalist
Genre Profile:  323---2300---3332---210---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  significant or important contributor to most main genres
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1865-95) . . . Romance in F minor [vln & orch.] Op.11 (1873-7) . . . Serenade in E [string orch.] Op.22 (1875) . . . Stabat Mater [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.58 (1876-7) . . . Symphonic Variations [orch.] Op.78 (1877) . . . 3 Slavonic Rhapsodies [orch.] Op.45 (1878) . . . Bagatelles [2 vlns, vc & harmonium] Op.47 (1878) . . . Serenade for Winds [12 instrs.] Op.44 (1878) . . . String Sextet in A Op.48 (1878) . . . String Quartet #10 in E flat Op.51 (1878-9) . . . Slavonic Dances (2 series) [orch.] Opp. 46/72 (1878/1886-7) . . . Violin Conc. in A minor Op.53 (1879-80) . . . Piano Trio #3 in F minor Op.65 (1883) . . . Sym. #7 in D minor Op.70 (1884-5) . . . Piano Quintet in A Op.81 (1887) . . . Sym. #8 in G Op.88 (1889) . . . Piano Trio #4 in E minor 'Dumky' Op.90 (1890-1) . . . Carnival Over. [concert over.] Op.92 (1891) . . . Te Deum [2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.103 (1892) . . . String Quartet #12 in F 'American' Op.96 (1893) . . . Sym. #9 in E minor 'From the New World' Op.95 (1893) . . . Cello Conc. in B minor Op.104 (1894-5) . . . String Quartet #13 in G Op.106 (1895) . . . String Quartet #14 in A flat Op.105 (1895) . . . Rusalka [opera] (1900)
Musical Influences:  -Beethoven; Brahms; Chopin; --J Haydn; Liszt; --Mozart; -Schubert; Smetana; Wagner; EUROPEAN & AMERICAN FOLK MUSIC
Has Influenced:  Beach; COLERIDGE-TAYLOR; Elgar; JANÁCEK; NOVÁK; SUK

Elgar, Edward (1857-1934) British
Style/Period:  Late English Romantic
Genre Profile:  223---0322---2212---220---12---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---syms.---choral & choral-orchestral music---concs.---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Serenade in E minor [string orch.] Op.20 (1892) . . . Variations on an Original Theme 'Enigma' [orch.] Op.36 (1898-9) . . . The Dream of Gerontius [sacred oratorio for 3 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1899-1900) . . . Cockaigne (In London Town) [concert over.] Op.40 (1900-1) . . . Pomp & Circumstance March #1 in D [orch.] Op.39 no.1 (1901) . . . Introduction & Allegro [str qtt & string orch.] Op.47 (1904-5) . . . Sym. #1 in A flat Op.55 (1907-8) . . . Violin Conc. in B minor Op.61 (1909-10) . . . Sym. #2 in E flat Op.63 (1909-11) . . . Falstaff: Symphonic Study in C minor Op.68 (1913) . . . String Quartet in E minor Op.83 (1918) . . . Piano Quintet in A minor Op.84 (1918-9) . . . Cello Conc. in E minor Op.85 (1919)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Brahms; Delibes; Dvorák; Franck; --Handel; --J Haydn; -Mendelssohn; Meyerbeer; -R Schumann; WAGNER
Has Influenced:  Bax; Bliss; Carpenter; Finzi; Howells; Vaughan Williams; Walton

Enescu, George [Enesco, Georges] (1881-1955) Romanian-French
Style/Period:  Late (post-Brahmsian) Romantic to c1914; Impressionist thereafter
Genre Profile:  202---1200---2212---201---02---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . 2 Romanian Rhapsodies [orch.] Op.11 (1901) . . . Legend [trumpet & pf] (c1905) . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano #3 in A minor Op.25 (1926)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Brahms; Debussy; Dukas; Fauré; Franck; Massenet; Ravel; Wagner; Romanian folk music

Falla, Manuel de (1876-1946) Spanish; Cadiz, Madrid, Paris, Granada & finally Argentina-based
Style/Period:  Spanish Nationalist (Impressionist) to c1920; Neoclassical thereafter
Genre Profile:  021---2000---1101---202---32---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known Work:  . . . La Vida Breve [opera] (1904-5) . . . Nights in the Gardens of Spain [pf & orch.] (1911-5) . . . 7 Popular Spanish Songs [solo v & pf/orch.] (1914-5) . . . El Amor Brujo [ballet] (1914-5) . . . The Three-Cornered Hat [2 suites for orch. from the ballet] (1919) . . . Homenaje 'Le Tombeau de Claude Debussy' [guitar] (1920) . . . Conc. for Harpsichord, Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Violin & Cello [6 instrs.] in D (1923-6)
Musical Influences:  Albéniz; --Chopin; Debussy; Dukas; Ravel; [F Pedrell]; ---D Scarlatti; +Stravinsky; Spanish folk music
Has Influenced:  Ginastera; Rodrigo; Turina

Fauré, Gabriel (1845-1924) French; mainly Paris-based from 1854
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  022---2200---2223---202---02---330
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  chamber music---songs & song cycles---piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---sacred choral & choral-orchestral music---orchestral pcs---cello (chamber combs.)---solo harp
Notable Works:  . . . Cantique de Jean Racine [sacred cantata for chorus & org] Op.11 (1865, r1866) . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano #1 in A Op.13 (1875-6) . . . Piano Quartet #1 in C minor Op.15 (1876-9) . . . Requiem [2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.48 (1877, 1887-90, 1900) . . . Après un Rêve in C minor [song for solo v & pf] Op.7 no.1 (1878?) . . . Berceuse in D [vln & pf] Op.16 (1879) . . . Elégie [vc & pf] Op.24 (1880; vc & orch. arr. c1896) . . . Ballade in F sharp [pf & orch.] Op.19 (1881) . . . Clair de Lune in B flat minor [song for solo v & pf] Op.46 no.2 (1887) . . . Pavane [orch. w/chorus ad lib; also in other arrs.] Op.50 (1887) . . . La Bonne Chanson [song cycle for solo v & pf] Op.61 (1892-4) . . . Dolly [suite for pf 4 hands] Op.56 (1894-7) . . . Fantaisie [fl & pf] Op.79 (1898) . . . Suite from Pelléas et Mélisande [orch.; from incidental music to the Maeterlinck play, orch. by C. Koechlin] Op.80 (1898) . . . Impromptu [harp] Op.86 (1904) . . . Pénélope [opera] (1913) . . . Piano Trio in D minor Op.120 (1922-3) . . . String Quartet in E minor Op.121 (1923-4)
Musical Influences:  Chopin; Gounod; Liszt; SAINT-SAËNS; Wagner; Renaissance, Baroque & Classical music
Has Influenced:  Albéniz; Berkeley; Boulanger; Casella; Debussy; Duparc; Enescu; Ibert; Koechlin; Martin; Milhaud; Piston; Poulenc; RAVEL; Tailleferre; Vierne

Feldman, Morton (1926-87) American
Style/Period:  American Avant-garde (Minimalist)
Best Known For:  aleatory music---chamber music
Musical Influences:  CAGE; Varèse; Webern; Wolpe
Has Influenced:  -Cage; [C Wolff]

Fibich, Zdenek (1850-1900) Bohemian; Prague-based from 1874
Style/Period:  Late (post-Wagnerian) Romantic
Best Known For:  solo piano---operas & other dramatic music---orchestral pcs---syms.
Notable Work:  . . . Poème [pf] Op.41 no.6 (1892-3)
Musical Influences:  Brahms; -Mendelssohn; R Schumann; Wagner; -Weber

Field, John (1782-1837) Irish; London-based 1793-1802; mainly Russia-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Post-Classical (London piano school)
Best Known For:  piano (solo--espec. nocturnes, chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . Rondo from Piano Sonata in E flat Op.1 no.1 (p1801) . . . Nocturne #1 in E flat [pf] (1812)
Musical Influences:  Clementi; Russian music
Has Influenced:  Chopin; Liszt; Mendelssohn

Fine, Irving (1914-62) American; Boston area-based
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical
Best Known For:  chamber music---choral music---orchestral pcs
Musical Influences:  Hindemith; Stravinsky

Finney, Ross Lee (1906-97) American
Style/Period:  Post-Schoenbergian Serial
Best Known For:  chamber music---choral & choral-orchestral music
Musical Influences:  Berg; Dallapiccola; Sessions; American folk music
Has Influenced:  Crumb

Finzi, Gerald (1901-56) British
Style/Period:  English Nationalist (Neoromantic)
Genre Profile:  022---2220---1012---000---00---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  choral & vocal/choral-orchestral music---songs---orchestral pcs---Clarinet Conc. in C minor
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (c1926-56) . . . 5 Bagatelles [cl & pf] Op.23 (1920s, r1941-3) . . . Dies natalis [secular cantata for solo v & string orch.] (1926-39) . . . Conc. for Clarinet & String Orch. in C minor Op.31 (1948-9) . . . God is Gone Up [anthem for mixed 4 vv chorus & org] Op.27 no.2 (1951)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Elgar; Parry; Vaughan Williams

Flotow, Friedrich von (1812-83) German
Style/Period:  Early German Romantic (bel canto) w/eclectic French & Italian elements
Best Known For:  operas
Notable Work:  . . . Martha [opera] (1847)
Musical Influences:  Auber; Donizetti; +Gounod; Meyerbeer; +Offenbach; Reicha; Rossini

Foss, Lukas (1922-) German-American; U.S.-based from 1937
Style/Period:  Neoclassical to c1960; highly varied thereafter (w/Avant-garde, Experimentalist, Neoclassical & Minimalist tendencies)
Best Known For:  chamber music---works for featured instr. w/orch.---aleatory music---ensemble improvisations
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Copland; Hindemith; Stravinsky; Americana

Françaix, Jean (1912-97) French
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical
Genre Profile:  222---2222---2222---222---22---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  wind instr(s). (chamber combs., w/orch.)---chamber music---concs.
Notable Works: