"Some Biogeographers, Evolutionists and Ecologists: Chrono-Biographical Sketches" by Charles H. Smith

Some Biogeographers, Evolutionists and Ecologists:
Chrono-Biographical Sketches

Listing by Discipline*

algology, lichenology & mycology

Aleem, Anwar (Egypt 1918-1996) marine biology

Dahl, Eilif (Norway 1916-1993) lichenology, phytogeography, plant ecology

Du Rietz, G. Einar (Sweden 1895-1967) botany, ecology, phytogeography

Harshberger, John William (United States 1869-1929) botany, phytogeography, conservation

Setchell, William Albert (United States 1864-1943) algology, phytogeography

Transeau, Edgar Nelson (United States 1875-1960) botany, phytogeography

animal ecology (see also ecology; zoology)

Allee, Warder Clyde (United States 1885-1955) animal ecology

Andrewartha, Herbert G. (Australia 1907-1992) animal ecology, entomology

Chapman, R(oyal) N(orton) (United States 1889-1939) animal ecology, entomology

Elton, Charles Sutherland (England 1900-1991) ecology

Hesse, Richard (Germany 1868-1944) zoology, animal ecology

Kalela, Olavi (Finland 1908-1974) animal ecology, mammalogy

Semper, Carl Gottfried (Germany 1832-1893) invertebrate zoology, ecology

Shelford, Victor E. (United States 1877-1968) animal & community ecology

Wynne-Edwards, Vero C. (England-Scotland 1906-1997) ecology, ornithology

anthropology, archeology & ethnology

Dawson, George Mercer (Canada 1849-1901) geology, anthropology

Eiseley, Loren (United States 1907-1977) anthropology, natural history: try Google!

Hay, Oliver Perry (United States 1846-1930) vertebrate paleontology

Merriam, Clinton Hart (United States 1855-1942) zoology, biogeography, ethnology, science administration

Ratzel, Friedrich (Germany 1844-1904) geography, ethnology

Wallace, Alfred Russel (England 1823-1913) evolutionary biology, zoogeography, anthropology

Zeuner, Frederick E. (Germany-England 1905-1963) geology, archeology

art & illustration

Audubon, John James (United States 1785-1851) ornithology, illustration: try Google!

Gould, John (England 1804-1881) ornithology, publishing, illustration

Hulme, Frederick Edward (England 1841-1909) natural history, art and illustration

Seton, Ernest Thompson (England-Canada-United States 1860-1946) natural history, illustration: try Google!

Swainson, William (England-New Zealand 1789-1855) zoology, illustration

Wilson, Alexander (Scotland-United States 1766-1813) ornithology, poetry

biochemistry

Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson (England 1892-1964) genetics, biochemistry, physiology

Henderson, Lawrence Joseph (United States 1878-1942) biochemistry, physiology

Vernadsky, Vladimir I. (Russia 1863-1945) geochemistry, biochemistry, mineralogy

biogeography (see also floristics; phytogeography; zoogeography)

Adams, Charles Christopher (United States 1873-1955) ecology, biogeography

Drude, (Carl Georg) Oscar (Germany 1852-1933) botany, ecology, biogeography

Ekman, Sven (Sweden 1876-1964) oceanography, limnology, field biology, biogeography

Engler, Adolf (Germany 1844-1930) botany, biogeography, systematics

Merriam, Clinton Hart (United States 1855-1942) zoology, biogeography, ethnology, science administration

biology

McAtee, Waldo Lee (United States 1883-1962) biology, conservation

Moyle, John Briggs (United States 1909-1977) aquatic biology, conservation

Newbigin, Marion Isabel (Scotland 1869-1934) geography, biology

Noble, Gladwyn Kingsley (United States 1894-1940) herpetology, experimental biology

botany (see also crop science; floristics; forestry; paleobotany; phytogeography; plant ecology)

Adamson, Robert Stephen (England-South Africa 1885-1965) botany, phytogeography

Aleem, Anwar (Egypt 1918-1996) marine biology

Allan, Harry Howard Barton (New Zealand 1882-1957) botany

Allard, Harry Ardell (United States 1880-1963) botany

Bailey, Irving Widmer (United States 1884-1967) botany, forestry

Barton, John (England 1789-1852) economics

Berry, Edward Wilber (United States 1875-1945) paleontology, botany

Billings, William Dwight (United States 1910-1997) ecology, botany

Bonpland, Aimé (France 1773-1858) botany, exploration

Bower, Frederick Orpen (England 1855-1948) botany

Bray, William L. (United States 1865-1953) botany, forestry

Brongniart, Adolphe-Théodore (France 1801-1876) botany, paleobotany, systematics

Brown, Robert (Scotland 1773-1858) botany

Camp, Wendell Holmes (United States 1904-1963) botany, horticulture, field biology

Campbell, Douglas H. (United States 1859-1953) botany

Candolle, Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyrame de (France-Switzerland 1806-1893) botany, phytogeography

Candolle, Augustin-Pyramus de (Switzerland-France 1778-1841) botany, phytogeography

Clausen, Jens Christen (Denmark-United States 1891-1969) ecological genetics, botany

Cowles, Henry Chandler (United States 1869-1939) ecology, botany

Curtis, J. T. (United States 1913-1961) botany, plant ecology

Daubenmire, Rexford F. (United States 1909-1995) ecology, botany

Drude, (Carl Georg) Oscar (Germany 1852-1933) botany, ecology, biogeography

Du Rietz, G. Einar (Sweden 1895-1967) botany, ecology, phytogeography

Egler, Frank Edwin (United States 1911-1996) botany, ecology, conservation

Engler, Adolf (Germany 1844-1930) botany, biogeography, systematics

Epling, Carl (United States 1894-1968) botany, evolutionary biology

Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (United States 1873-1950) botany, paleobotany, phytogeography

Fosberg, F. Raymond (United States 1908-1993) botany, floristics

Gibbs, Lilian Suzette (England 1870-1925) botany, field biology

Gleason, Henry A. (United States 1882-1975) botany, ecology

Good, Ronald D'Oyley (England 1896-1992) botany, phytogeography

Gray, Asa (United States 1810-1888) botany, phytogeography, floristics: try Google!

Griggs, Robert F. (United States 1881-1962) botany, ecology

Grisebach, August Heinrich Rudolf (Germany 1814-1879) botany, phytogeography

Hansen, Henry Paul (United States 1907-1989) botany, palynology

Harper, Roland McMillan (United States 1878-1966) botany, phytogeography

Harshberger, John William (United States 1869-1929) botany, phytogeography, conservation

Heer, Oswald (Switzerland 1809-1883) paleontology, botany, entomology

Hooker, Joseph Dalton (England 1817-1911) botany, phytogeography, floristics: try Google!

Hultén, Eric Oskar Gunnar (Sweden 1894-1981) botany, phytogeography

Kerner von Marilaun, Anton Joseph (Austria 1831-1898) botany, systematics, ecology

Marie-Victorin, Frère (aka Conrad Kirouac) (Canada 1885-1944) botany, floristics

Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von (Germany 1794-1868) botany

Mason, Herbert Louis (United States 1896-1994) botany, phytogeography

Merrill, Elmer Drew (United States 1876-1956) botany, floristics, science administration

Meyen, Franz Julius Ferdinand (Germany 1804-1840) botany

Pearsall, William Harold (England 1891-1964) botany, ecology

Praeger, Robert Lloyd (Ireland 1865-1953) Irish botany & natural history

Rydberg, Per Axel (Sweden-United States 1860-1931) botany, floristics

Schimper, Andreas F. W. (Germany 1856-1901) phytogeography, botany

Shantz, Homer L. (United States 1876-1958) botany, phytogeography

Skottsberg, Carl J. F. (Sweden 1880-1963) botany, exploration

Smith, Lyman Bradford (United States 1904-1997) botany

Spalding, Volney Morgan (United States 1849-1918) botany

Stebbins, George Ledyard, Jr. (United States 1906-2000) botany, evolutionary biology: try Google!

Sukachev, Vladimir Nikolaevich (Russia 1880-1967) botany, forestry, phytogeography

Tate, Ralph (England-Australia 1840-1901) geology, botany

Torrey, John (United States 1796-1873) botany, floristics

Transeau, Edgar Nelson (United States 1875-1960) botany, phytogeography

Turrill, William Bertram (England 1890-1961) botany

Weaver, John E. (United States 1884-1966) botany, crop science, plant ecology

Willis, John Christopher (England 1868-1958) botany, phytogeography, evolutionary biology

Wulff [Vul'f], Evgenii V. (Ukraine-Russia 1885-1941) botany, phytogeography

cartography (see geography & cartography)

chemistry (see also biochemistry)

Arrhenius, Olof (Sweden 1896-1977) agricultural chemistry

Liebig, Justus von (Germany 1803-1873) chemistry

Vernadsky, Vladimir I. (Russia 1863-1945) geochemistry, biochemistry, mineralogy

climatology & meteorology (see also physical geography)

Brooks, Charles Ernest Pelham (England 1888-1957) climatology

Douglass, Andrew Ellicott (United States 1867-1962) astronomy, dendrochronology

Geiger, Rudolf (Germany 1894-1981) meteorology, climatology

Gentilli, Joseph Hefetz (Australia 1912-2000) climatology, geography

Heer, Oswald (Switzerland 1809-1883) paleontology, botany, entomology

Köppen, Wladimir Peter (Russia-Germany 1846-1940) climatology, meteorology

Thornthwaite, Charles Warren (United States 1899-1963) climatology

Visher, Stephen S. (United States 1887-1967) physical geography

Wegener, Alfred (Germany 1880-1930) meteorology: try Google!

community ecology (see ecology)

conchology (see malacology & conchology)

conservation (see also economics & economic biology)

Cain, Stanley Adair (United States 1902-1995) phytogeography, ecology, conservation

Egler, Frank Edwin (United States 1911-1996) botany, ecology, conservation

Harper, Francis (United States 1886-1972) vertebrate zoology

Harshberger, John William (United States 1869-1929) botany, phytogeography, conservation

Hewitt, Charles Gordon (England-Canada 1885-1920) entomology, conservation

Leopold, Aldo (United States 1887-1948) wildlife biology, conservation: try Google!

Lönnberg, Einar (Sweden 1865-1942) zoology, conservation

Marsh, George Perkins (United States 1801-1882) philology, physical geography, diplomacy

McAtee, Waldo Lee (United States 1883-1962) biology, conservation

Moyle, John Briggs (United States 1909-1977) aquatic biology, conservation

Muir, John (Scotland-United States 1838-1914) conservation: try Google!

Munro, George Campbell (New Zealand-United States 1866-1963) ornithology, conservation

Osborn, (Henry) Fairfield, Jr. (United States 1887-1969) conservation, natural history

Phillips, John Charles (United States 1876-1938) wildlife biology, conservation

Pinchot, Gifford (United States 1865-1946) forestry, conservation: try Google!

Preston, Frank William (England-United States 1896-1989) ecology, conservation, glass technology

Ripley, S. Dillon (United States 1913-2001) museology, ornithology

Salomonsen, Finn (Denmark 1909-1983) ornithology

Sears, Paul Bigelow (United States 1891-1990) plant ecology, conservation

Steenis, Cornelis Gijsbert Gerrit Jan "Kees" van (Netherlands 1901-1986) phytogeography, floristics, conservation

crop science

Liebig, Justus von (Germany 1803-1873) chemistry

Ridley, Henry Nicholas (England 1855-1956) economic botany, phytogeography

Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich (Russia 1887-1943) phytogeography, crop science, plant genetics

Weaver, John E. (United States 1884-1966) botany, crop science, plant ecology

dating & chronology

Douglass, Andrew Ellicott (United States 1867-1962) astronomy, dendrochronology

Godwin, Sir Harry (England 1901-1985) ecology, palynology, paleoecology

Hansen, Henry Paul (United States 1907-1989) botany, palynology

Sears, Paul Bigelow (United States 1891-1990) plant ecology, conservation

Zeuner, Frederick E. (Germany-England 1905-1963) geology, archeology

demography (see mathematics, statistics & demography)

ecology (see also animal ecology; biogeography; limnology; physiology & physiological ecology; phytogeography; plant ecology)

Adams, Charles Christopher (United States 1873-1955) ecology, biogeography

Baker, Frank Collins (United States 1867-1942) malacology, paleontology, ecology

Billings, William Dwight (United States 1910-1997) ecology, botany

Braun, E. Lucy (United States 1889-1971) ecology, floristics

Cain, Stanley Adair (United States 1902-1995) phytogeography, ecology, conservation

Clausen, Jens Christen (Denmark-United States 1891-1969) ecological genetics, botany

Cooper, William Skinner (United States 1884-1978) ecology

Cowles, Henry Chandler (United States 1869-1939) ecology, botany

Daubenmire, Rexford F. (United States 1909-1995) ecology, botany

Deevey, Edward Smith, Jr. (United States 1914-1988) ecology, limnology & paleolimnology

Dice, Lee Raymond (United States 1887-1977) mammalogy, ecology

Drude, (Carl Georg) Oscar (Germany 1852-1933) botany, ecology, biogeography

Du Rietz, G. Einar (Sweden 1895-1967) botany, ecology, phytogeography

Egler, Frank Edwin (United States 1911-1996) botany, ecology, conservation

Elton, Charles Sutherland (England 1900-1991) ecology

Forbes, Edward (England 1815-1854) geology, zoology, oceanography

Forbes, Stephen Alfred (United States 1844-1930) entomology, ecology

Fry, Frederick Ernest Joseph (England-Canada 1908-1989) physiology, ecology, limnology, fisheries science

Gleason, Henry A. (United States 1882-1975) botany, ecology

Godwin, Sir Harry (England 1901-1985) ecology, palynology, paleoecology

Griggs, Robert F. (United States 1881-1962) botany, ecology

Holdridge, L. R. (United States 1907-1999) forestry, ecology

Hutchinson, George Evelyn (United States 1903-1991) ecology: try Google!

Kendeigh, S. Charles (United States 1904-1986) ornithology, ecology

Kerner von Marilaun, Anton Joseph (Austria 1831-1898) botany, systematics, ecology

Lack, David Lambert (England 1910-1973) ornithology, ecology, population biology

Odum, Eugene Pleasants (United States 1913-2002) ecology

Pearsall, William Harold (England 1891-1964) botany, ecology

Pitelka, Frank Alois (United States 1916-2003) ornithology, ecology

Preston, Frank William (England-United States 1896-1989) ecology, conservation, glass technology

Semper, Carl Gottfried (Germany 1832-1893) invertebrate zoology, ecology

Shelford, Victor E. (United States 1877-1968) animal & community ecology

Wynne-Edwards, Vero C. (England-Scotland 1906-1997) ecology, ornithology

economics & economic biology (see also conservation; crop science; horticulture)

Allan, Harry Howard Barton (New Zealand 1882-1957) botany

Allard, Harry Ardell (United States 1880-1963) botany

Barton, John (England 1789-1852) economics

Beirne, Bryan (Ireland-Canada 1918-1998) entomology

Camp, Wendell Holmes (United States 1904-1963) botany, horticulture, field biology

Chapman, R(oyal) N(orton) (United States 1889-1939) animal ecology, entomology

Cooke, May Thacher (United States 1885-1963) economic zoology, ornithology

Harper, Roland McMillan (United States 1878-1966) botany, phytogeography

Hewitt, Charles Gordon (England-Canada 1885-1920) entomology, conservation

Murray, Andrew Dickson (Scotland-England 1812-1878) natural history

Ridley, Henry Nicholas (England 1855-1956) economic botany, phytogeography

Wolfenbarger, Daniel O. (United States 1904-1995) economic entomology

entomology (see also economics & economic biology; invertebrates; zoology)

Andrewartha, Herbert G. (Australia 1907-1992) animal ecology, entomology

Bates, Henry Walter (England 1825-1892) entomology, evolutionary biology, field biology

Beirne, Bryan (Ireland-Canada 1918-1998) entomology

Brues, Charles Thomas (United States 1879-1955) entomology

Buxton, Patrick Alfred (England 1892-1955) medical entomology

Chapman, R(oyal) N(orton) (United States 1889-1939) animal ecology, entomology

Dammerman, Karel Willem (Netherlands 1885-1951) entomology

Darlington, Philip Jackson, Jr. (United States 1904-1983) entomology, zoogeography

Forbes, Stephen Alfred (United States 1844-1930) entomology, ecology

Fraenkel, Gottfried Samuel (Germany-United States 1901-1984) entomology, physiology

Heer, Oswald (Switzerland 1809-1883) paleontology, botany, entomology

Hennig, Willi (Germany 1913-1976) entomology, systematics

Hewitt, Charles Gordon (England-Canada 1885-1920) entomology, conservation

Kellogg, Vernon Lyman (United States 1867-1937) entomology

Kirby, William (England 1759-1850) entomology

Latreille, Pierre-André (France 1762-1833) entomology

Nicholson, A(lexander) John (England-Australia 1895-1969) population biology, entomology, science administration

Réaumur, René-Antoine Ferchault de (France 1683-1757) natural history, technology, entomology

Williams, C(arrington) B(onsor) (England 1889-1981) entomology

Wollaston, Thomas Vernon (England 1822-1878) entomology, malacology

Zimmerman, Elwood Curtin (United States 1912-2004) entomology

ethnography & ethnology (see anthropology...)

evolutionary biology

Anderson, Edgar (United States 1897-1969) plant genetics

Bates, Henry Walter (England 1825-1892) entomology, evolutionary biology, field biology

Clausen, Jens Christen (Denmark-United States 1891-1969) ecological genetics, botany

Darlington, Philip Jackson, Jr. (United States 1904-1983) entomology, zoogeography

Darwin, Charles (England 1809-1882) evolutionary biology, natural history: try Google!

Dobzhansky, Theodosius (Russia-United States 1900-1975) evolutionary biology, genetics: try Google!

Epling, Carl (United States 1894-1968) botany, evolutionary biology

Good, Ronald D'Oyley (England 1896-1992) botany, phytogeography

Gulick, John T. (United States 1832-1923) evolutionary biology

Haeckel, Ernst (Germany 1834-1919) evolutionary biology, zoology: try Google!

Huxley, Thomas H. (England 1825-1895) zoology, evolutionary biology, philosophy: try Google!

Kellogg, Vernon Lyman (United States 1867-1937) entomology

Lack, David Lambert (England 1910-1973) ornithology, ecology, population biology

Mayr, Ernst W. (Germany-United States 1904-2005) evolutionary biology, ornithology, systematics: try Google!

Metcalf, Maynard Mayo (United States 1868-1940) zoology, evolutionary biology

Miller, Robert Rush (United States 1916-2003) ichthyology, evolutionary biology

Rensch, Bernhard (Germany 1900-1990) evolutionary biology, systematics

Romer, Alfred Sherwood (United States 1894-1973) vertebrate anatomy & paleontology

Rosa, Daniele (Italy 1857-1944) zoology, evolutionary biology

Simpson, George Gaylord (United States 1902-1984) vertebrate paleontology, evolutionary biology: try Google!

Stebbins, George Ledyard, Jr. (United States 1906-2000) botany, evolutionary biology: try Google!

Wagner, Moritz Friedrich (Germany 1813-1887) natural history, geography

Wallace, Alfred Russel (England 1823-1913) evolutionary biology, zoogeography, anthropology

Willis, John Christopher (England 1868-1958) botany, phytogeography, evolutionary biology

Wright, Sewell (United States 1889-1988) genetics, evolutionary biology, population biology: try Google!

exploration

Bonpland, Aimé (France 1773-1858) botany, exploration

Bory de Saint-Vincent, Baron Jean (France 1778-1846) natural history, exploration

Heilprin, Angelo (United States 1853-1907) natural history, exploration

Richardson, Sir John (Scotland-England 1787-1865) exploration, natural history

Skottsberg, Carl J. F. (Sweden 1880-1963) botany, exploration

Wallace, Alfred Russel (England 1823-1913) evolutionary biology, zoogeography, anthropology

field biology

Bates, Henry Walter (England 1825-1892) entomology, evolutionary biology, field biology

Camp, Wendell Holmes (United States 1904-1963) botany, horticulture, field biology

Chapin, James Paul (United States 1889-1964) ornithology, field biology

Ekman, Sven (Sweden 1876-1964) oceanography, limnology, field biology, biogeography

Gibbs, Lilian Suzette (England 1870-1925) botany, field biology

Goldman, Edward Alphonso (United States 1873-1946) mammalogy, field biology

Grinnell, Joseph (United States 1877-1939) vertebrate zoology, natural history, field biology

Praeger, Robert Lloyd (Ireland 1865-1953) Irish botany & natural history

Rand, Austin Loomer (Canada-United States 1905-1982) ornithology, mammalogy

Raup, Hugh Miller (United States 1901-1995) plant ecology, phytogeography

Rydberg, Per Axel (Sweden-United States 1860-1931) botany, floristics

Salomonsen, Finn (Denmark 1909-1983) ornithology

Semper, Carl Gottfried (Germany 1832-1893) invertebrate zoology, ecology

Skottsberg, Carl J. F. (Sweden 1880-1963) botany, exploration

Swarth, Harry Schelwald (United States 1878-1935) ornithology

Tate, George Henry Hamilton (England-United States 1894-1953) mammalogy

Wallace, Alfred Russel (England 1823-1913) evolutionary biology, zoogeography, anthropology

Weber, Max W. C. (Germany-Netherlands 1852-1937) zoology, field biology

fisheries science (see conservation; ichthyology; limnology)

floristics (see also biogeography; botany; phytogeography; plant ecology)

Adamson, Robert Stephen (England-South Africa 1885-1965) botany, phytogeography

Braun, E. Lucy (United States 1889-1971) ecology, floristics

Fosberg, F. Raymond (United States 1908-1993) botany, floristics

Gray, Asa (United States 1810-1888) botany, phytogeography, floristics: try Google!

Hooker, Joseph Dalton (England 1817-1911) botany, phytogeography, floristics: try Google!

Marie-Victorin, Frère (aka Conrad Kirouac) (Canada 1885-1944) botany, floristics

Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von (Germany 1794-1868) botany

Merrill, Elmer Drew (United States 1876-1956) botany, floristics, science administration

Rydberg, Per Axel (Sweden-United States 1860-1931) botany, floristics

Steenis, Cornelis Gijsbert Gerrit Jan "Kees" van (Netherlands 1901-1986) phytogeography, floristics, conservation

Torrey, John (United States 1796-1873) botany, floristics

forestry (see also botany; conservation)

Bailey, Irving Widmer (United States 1884-1967) botany, forestry

Baker, Frederick Storrs (United States 1890-1965) forestry

Bray, William L. (United States 1865-1953) botany, forestry

Egler, Frank Edwin (United States 1911-1996) botany, ecology, conservation

Holdridge, L. R. (United States 1907-1999) forestry, ecology

Pinchot, Gifford (United States 1865-1946) forestry, conservation: try Google!

Sukachev, Vladimir Nikolaevich (Russia 1880-1967) botany, forestry, phytogeography

genetics (including plant genetics)

Anderson, Edgar (United States 1897-1969) plant genetics

Clausen, Jens Christen (Denmark-United States 1891-1969) ecological genetics, botany

Dice, Lee Raymond (United States 1887-1977) mammalogy, ecology

Dobzhansky, Theodosius (Russia-United States 1900-1975) evolutionary biology, genetics: try Google!

Fisher, Ronald Aylmer (England 1890-1962) genetics, mathematical statistics

Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson (England 1892-1964) genetics, biochemistry, physiology

Sinnott, Edmund Ware (United States 1888-1968) plant morphology

Turesson, Göte Wilhelm (Sweden 1892-1970) plant ecology & genetics

Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich (Russia 1887-1943) phytogeography, crop science, plant genetics

Wright, Sewell (United States 1889-1988) genetics, evolutionary biology, population biology: try Google!

geography & cartography (see also physical geography)

Bartholomew, John George (Scotland 1860-1920) cartography, geography

Berg, Lev (Russia 1876-1950) ichthyology, geography, natural history

Clark, Andrew Hill (Canada-United States 1911-1975) historical geography

Forster, (Johann) Georg Adam (Germany 1754-1794) geography, natural history

Gaussen, Henri (France 1891-1981) phytogeography, geography, cartography

Gentilli, Joseph Hefetz (Australia 1912-2000) climatology, geography

Heilprin, Angelo (United States 1853-1907) natural history, exploration

Herbertson, Andrew John (England 1865-1915) geography

Kuchler, August Wilhelm (Germany-United States 1907-1999) phytogeography

Newbigin, Marion Isabel (Scotland 1869-1934) geography, biology

Ratzel, Friedrich (Germany 1844-1904) geography, ethnology

Schouw, Joakim Frederik (Denmark 1789-1852) phytogeography

Visher, Stephen S. (United States 1887-1967) physical geography

Wagner, Moritz Friedrich (Germany 1813-1887) natural history, geography

geology & paleogeography (see also paleobotany; paleontology)

Belt, Thomas (England 1832-1878) geology

Blanford, William Thomas (England 1832-1905) geology, zoology

Dana, James Dwight (United States 1813-1895) geology, natural history: try Google!

Dawson, George Mercer (Canada 1849-1901) geology, anthropology

Du Toit, Alexander Logie (South Africa 1878-1948) geology

Fleming, John (Scotland 1785-1857) zoology, geology

Forbes, Edward (England 1815-1854) geology, zoology, oceanography

Heilprin, Angelo (United States 1853-1907) natural history, exploration

Hutton, Frederick Wollaston (England-New Zealand 1836-1905) geology, zoology

Ihering, Hermann von (Germany-Brazil 1850-1930) paleontology, malacology

Longwell, Chester Ray (United States 1887-1975) geology

Lyell, Charles (England 1797-1875) geology: try Google!

Neumayr, Melchior (Germany-Austria 1845-1890) invertebrate paleontology, geology

Pilgrim, Guy (England 1875-1942) geology, vertebrate paleontology

Reid, Clement (England 1853-1916) geology, paleobotany

Schuchert, Charles (United States 1858-1942) paleontology, paleogeography

Tate, Ralph (England-Australia 1840-1901) geology, botany

Vernadsky, Vladimir I. (Russia 1863-1945) geochemistry, biochemistry, mineralogy

Waterschoot van der Gracht, Willem A. J. M. van (Netherlands-United States 1873-1943) geology

Wegener, Alfred (Germany 1880-1930) meteorology: try Google!

Willis, Bailey (United States 1857-1949) geology

Zeuner, Frederick E. (Germany-England 1905-1963) geology, archeology

herpetology (see also vertebrate zoology & paleontology; zoology)

Barbour, Thomas (United States 1884-1946) herpetology, natural history

Bogert, Charles M. (United States 1908-1992) herpetology

Boulenger, George Albert (Belgium-England 1858-1937) ichthyology, herpetology

Cope, Edward Drinker (United States 1840-1897) herpetology, paleontology: try Google!

Cowles, Raymond B. (South Africa-United States 1896-1975) herpetology, physiological ecology

Dunn, Emmett Reid (United States 1894-1956) herpetology

Günther, Albert C. L. G. (Germany-England 1830-1914) ichthyology, herpetology

Mertens, Robert (Germany 1894-1975) herpetology

Moore, John Alexander (United States 1915-2002) zoology, science education

Noble, Gladwyn Kingsley (United States 1894-1940) herpetology, experimental biology

Schmidt, Karl Patterson (United States 1890-1957) herpetology

Van Denburgh, John (United States 1872-1924) herpetology

horticulture

Anderson, Edgar (United States 1897-1969) plant genetics

Camp, Wendell Holmes (United States 1904-1963) botany, horticulture, field biology

Praeger, Robert Lloyd (Ireland 1865-1953) Irish botany & natural history

Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich (Russia 1887-1943) phytogeography, crop science, plant genetics

humanities

Huxley, Thomas H. (England 1825-1895) zoology, evolutionary biology, philosophy: try Google!

Marsh, George Perkins (United States 1801-1882) philology, physical geography, diplomacy

Thompson, D'Arcy Wentworth (Scotland 1860-1948) zoology, classics

Whitley, Gilbert Percy (England-Australia 1903-1975) ichthyology, history

Wilson, Alexander (Scotland-United States 1766-1813) ornithology, poetry

ichthyology & fisheries science (see also limnology; marine biology & oceanography; zoology)

Berg, Lev (Russia 1876-1950) ichthyology, geography, natural history

Boulenger, George Albert (Belgium-England 1858-1937) ichthyology, herpetology

Eigenmann, Carl (Germany-United States 1863-1927) ichthyology

Fry, Frederick Ernest Joseph (England-Canada 1908-1989) physiology, ecology, limnology, fisheries science

Gill, Theodore Nicholas (United States 1837-1914) ichthyology, taxonomy

Günther, Albert C. L. G. (Germany-England 1830-1914) ichthyology, herpetology

Hjort, Johan (Norway 1869-1948) marine biology

Hubbs, Carl Leavitt (United States 1894-1979) ichthyology

Hildebrand, Samuel F. (United States 1883-1949) ichthyology

Jordan, David Starr (United States 1851-1931) ichthyology, college administration

Miller, Robert Rush (United States 1916-2003) ichthyology, evolutionary biology

Myers, George Sprague (United States 1905-1985) ichthyology, zoogeography

Richardson, Sir John (Scotland-England 1787-1865) exploration, natural history

Smith, Hugh McCormick (United States 1865-1941) ichthyology, fisheries science

Whitley, Gilbert Percy (England-Australia 1903-1975) ichthyology, history

illustration (see art and illustration)

invertebrates (see also entomology; malacology; paleontology; zoology)

Clark, Hubert Lyman (United States 1870-1947) invertebrate zoology

Coe, Wesley Roswell (United States 1869-1960) invertebrate zoology, marine biology

Forbes, Edward (England 1815-1854) geology, zoology, oceanography

Marshall, Sheina Macalister (Scotland 1896-1977) marine biology

Metcalf, Maynard Mayo (United States 1868-1940) zoology, evolutionary biology

Neumayr, Melchior (Germany-Austria 1845-1890) invertebrate paleontology, geology

Ortmann, Arnold Edward (Prussia-United States 1863-1927) invertebrate zoology & paleontology, zoogeography

Schmarda, Ludwig K. (Austria 1819-1908) zoology

Semper, Carl Gottfried (Germany 1832-1893) invertebrate zoology, ecology

Thomson, Charles Wyville (Scotland 1830-1882) oceanography, natural history

limnology (see also ecology)

Deevey, Edward Smith, Jr. (United States 1914-1988) ecology, limnology & paleolimnology

Ekman, Sven (Sweden 1876-1964) oceanography, limnology, field biology, biogeography

Forbes, Stephen Alfred (United States 1844-1930) entomology, ecology

Fry, Frederick Ernest Joseph (England-Canada 1908-1989) physiology, ecology, limnology, fisheries science

Hutchinson, George Evelyn (United States 1903-1991) ecology: try Google!

Moyle, John Briggs (United States 1909-1977) aquatic biology, conservation

Pearsall, William Harold (England 1891-1964) botany, ecology

Thienemann, August Friedrich (Germany 1882-1960) limnology

malacology/conchology (see also invertebrates; zoology)

Adams, Charles Christopher (United States 1873-1955) ecology, biogeography

Baker, Frank Collins (United States 1867-1942) malacology, paleontology, ecology

Bequaert, Joseph Charles (Belgium-United States 1886-1982) malacology

Bland, Thomas (England-United States 1809-1885) malacology

Hedley, Charles (England-Australia 1862-1926) malacology

Ihering, Hermann von (Germany-Brazil 1850-1930) paleontology, malacology

Ortmann, Arnold Edward (Prussia-United States 1863-1927) invertebrate zoology & paleontology, zoogeography

Pilsbry, Henry Augustus (United States 1862-1957) malacology

Wollaston, Thomas Vernon (England 1822-1878) entomology, malacology

mammalogy (see also vertebrate zoology & paleontology; zoology)

Allen, Glover Morrill (United States 1879-1942) mammalogy, ornithology

Allen, Joel Asaph (United States 1838-1921) mammalogy, ornithology, zoogeography

Dice, Lee Raymond (United States 1887-1977) mammalogy, ecology

Dobson, George Edward (Ireland 1848-1895) mammalogy

Goldman, Edward Alphonso (United States 1873-1946) mammalogy, field biology

Howell, Alfred Brazier (United States 1886-1961) mammalogy, anatomy

Kalela, Olavi (Finland 1908-1974) animal ecology, mammalogy

Lydekker, Richard (England 1849-1915) mammalogy, paleontology

Matthew, William Diller (Canada-United States 1871-1930) vertebrate paleontology, zoogeography

Osborn, Henry Fairfield (United States 1857-1935) vertebrate paleontology, museology

Rand, Austin Loomer (Canada-United States 1905-1982) ornithology, mammalogy

Scott, William Berryman (United States 1858-1947) vertebrate paleontology

Tate, George Henry Hamilton (England-United States 1894-1953) mammalogy

Wood, Albert Elmer (United States 1910-2002) vertebrate paleontology

marine biology & oceanography

Aleem, Anwar (Egypt 1918-1996) marine biology

Coe, Wesley Roswell (United States 1869-1960) invertebrate zoology, marine biology

Ekman, Sven (Sweden 1876-1964) oceanography, limnology, field biology, biogeography

Forbes, Edward (England 1815-1854) geology, zoology, oceanography

Hardy, Alister Clavering (England 1896-1985) marine biology

Hjort, Johan (Norway 1869-1948) marine biology

Marshall, Sheina Macalister (Scotland 1896-1977) marine biology

Murray, Sir John (Canada-Scotland 1841-1914) oceanography

Schmarda, Ludwig K. (Austria 1819-1908) zoology

Thomson, Charles Wyville (Scotland 1830-1882) oceanography, natural history

mathematics, statistics & demography

Fisher, Ronald Aylmer (England 1890-1962) genetics, mathematical statistics

Lotka, Alfred James (United States 1880-1949) demography, statistics

Raunkiær, Christen (Denmark 1860-1938) plant ecology

Williams, C(arrington) B(onsor) (England 1889-1981) entomology

meteorology (see climatology & meteorology)

museology (see also science education & administration)

Baker, Frank Collins (United States 1867-1942) malacology, paleontology, ecology

Barbour, Thomas (United States 1884-1946) herpetology, natural history

Chapman, Frank Michler (United States 1864-1945) ornithology

Oliver, Walter Reginald Brook (Australia-New Zealand 1883-1957) natural history, museology

Osborn, Henry Fairfield (United States 1857-1935) vertebrate paleontology, museology

Ripley, S. Dillon (United States 1913-2001) museology, ornithology

natural history (see also botany; geology; zoology; etc.)

Barbour, Thomas (United States 1884-1946) herpetology, natural history

Belt, Thomas (England 1832-1878) geology

Berg, Lev (Russia 1876-1950) ichthyology, geography, natural history

Blyth, Edward (England 1810-1873) natural history

Bory de Saint-Vincent, Baron Jean (France 1778-1846) natural history, exploration

Buffon, G.-L. Leclerc, Comte de (France 1707-1788) natural history: try Google!

Cooper, James G. (United States 1830-1902) natural history

Dammerman, Karel Willem (Netherlands 1885-1951) entomology

Dana, James Dwight (United States 1813-1895) geology, natural history: try Google!

Darwin, Charles (England 1809-1882) evolutionary biology, natural history: try Google!

Eiseley, Loren (United States 1907-1977) anthropology, natural history: try Google!

Forster, (Johann) Georg Adam (Germany 1754-1794) geography, natural history

Forster, Johann Reinhold (Germany-England 1729-1798) natural history

Godman, Frederick Du Cane (England 1834-1919) natural history

Grinnell, Joseph (United States 1877-1939) field biology, natural history, vertebrate zoology

Guppy, Henry Brougham (England 1854-1926) natural history

Heilprin, Angelo (United States 1853-1907) natural history, exploration

Hulme, Frederick Edward (England 1841-1909) natural history, art

Humboldt, Alexander von (Germany 1769-1859) physical geography, natural history: try Google!

McAtee, Waldo Lee (United States 1883-1962) biology, conservation

Murray, Andrew Dickson (Scotland-England 1812-1878) natural history

Oliver, Walter Reginald Brook (Australia-New Zealand 1883-1957) natural history, museology

Osborn, (Henry) Fairfield, Jr. (United States 1887-1969) conservation, natural history

Pickering, Charles (United States 1805-1878) natural history

Praeger, Robert Lloyd (Ireland 1865-1953) Irish botany & natural history

Réaumur, René-Antoine Ferchault de (France 1683-1757) natural history, technology, entomology

Richardson, Sir John (Scotland-England 1787-1865) exploration, natural history

Scharff, Robert Francis (England-Ireland 1858-1934) zoogeography, Irish natural history

Seton, Ernest Thompson (England-Canada-United States 1860-1946) natural history, illustration: try Google!

Stejneger, Leonhard Hess (Norway-United States 1851-1943) zoology, natural history

Thomson, Charles Wyville (Scotland 1830-1882) oceanography, natural history

Wagner, Moritz Friedrich (Germany 1813-1887) natural history, geography

White, Gilbert (England 1720-1793) natural history: try Google!

oceanography (see marine biology & oceanography)

ornithology (see also vertebrate zoology & paleontology; zoology)

Allen, Glover Morrill (United States 1879-1942) mammalogy, ornithology

Allen, Joel Asaph (United States 1838-1921) mammalogy, ornithology, zoogeography

Amadon, Dean (United States 1912-2003) ornithology

Audubon, John James (United States 1785-1851) ornithology, illustration: try Google!

Barbour, Thomas (United States 1884-1946) herpetology, natural history

Bonaparte, Charles Lucien Jules Laurent (France-Italy 1803-1857) ornithology, systematics

Chapin, James Paul (United States 1889-1964) ornithology, field biology

Chapman, Frank Michler (United States 1864-1945) ornithology

Cooke, May Thacher (United States 1885-1963) economic zoology, ornithology

Gadow, Hans Friedrich (Germany-England 1855-1928) zoology, zoogeography

Gloger, Constantin Wilhelm Lambert (Germany 1803-1863) ornithology

Godman, Frederick Du Cane (England 1834-1919) natural history

Gould, John (England 1804-1881) ornithology, publishing, illustration

Kendeigh, S. Charles (United States 1904-1986) ornithology, ecology

Lack, David Lambert (England 1910-1973) ornithology, ecology, population biology

Mayr, Ernst W. (Germany-United States 1904-2005) evolutionary biology, ornithology, systematics: try Google!

Moore, Robert Thomas (United States 1882-1958) ornithology

Moreau, Reginald E. (England 1897-1970) ornithology

Munro, George Campbell (New Zealand-United States 1866-1963) ornithology, conservation

Murphy, Robert Cushman (United States 1887-1973) ornithology

Oliver, Walter Reginald Brook (Australia-New Zealand 1883-1957) natural history, museology

Pitelka, Frank Alois (United States 1916-2003) ornithology, ecology

Rand, Austin Loomer (Canada-United States 1905-1982) ornithology, mammalogy

Ripley, S. Dillon (United States 1913-2001) museology, ornithology

Salomonsen, Finn (Denmark 1909-1983) ornithology

Sclater, Philip Lutley (England 1829-1913) ornithology

Sclater, William Lutley (England 1863-1944) ornithology

Stegmann, Boris K. (Russia 1898-1975) ornithology, zoogeography

Swarth, Harry Schelwald (United States 1878-1935) ornithology

Wilson, Alexander (Scotland-United States 1766-1813) ornithology, poetry

Wynne-Edwards, Vero C. (England-Scotland 1906-1997) ecology, ornithology

paleobotany (see also botany; paleontology)

Axelrod, Daniel Isaac (United States 1910-1998) paleobotany, phytogeography

Brongniart, Adolphe-Théodore France 1801-1876) botany, paleobotany, systematics

Chaney, Ralph W(orks) (United States 1890-1971) paleobotany

Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (United States 1873-1950) botany, paleobotany, phytogeography

Florin, Rudolf (Sweden 1894-1965) paleobotany, plant morphology

Heer, Oswald (Switzerland 1809-1883) paleontology, botany, entomology

Hultén, Eric Oskar Gunnar (Sweden 1894-1981) botany, phytogeography

Just, Theodor Karl (Austria-United States 1904-1960) paleobotany

Reid, Clement (England 1853-1916) geology, paleobotany

Seward, Albert Charles (England 1863-1941) paleobotany

paleontology (see also paleobotany; vertebrate zoology & paleontology)

Baker, Frank Collins (United States 1867-1942) malacology, paleontology, ecology

Berry, Edward Wilber (United States 1875-1945) paleontology, botany

Cope, Edward Drinker (United States 1840-1897) herpetology, paleontology: try Google!

Heer, Oswald (Switzerland 1809-1883) paleontology, botany, entomology

Ihering, Hermann von (Germany-Brazil 1850-1930) paleontology, malacology

Lydekker, Richard (England 1849-1915) mammalogy, paleontology

Schuchert, Charles (United States 1858-1942) paleontology, paleogeography

physical geography (see also climatology & meteorology; geography; geology)

Agassiz, Louis (Switzerland-United States 1807-1873) zoology, glaciology: try Google!

Dokuchaev, Vasily Vasilievich (Russia 1846-1903) soils, physical geography

Berg, Lev (Russia 1876-1950) ichthyology, geography, natural history

Humboldt, Alexander von (Germany 1769-1859) physical geography, natural history: try Google!

Marsh, George Perkins (United States 1801-1882) philology, physical geography, diplomacy

Martonne, Emmanuel de (France 1873-1955) physical geography

Thornthwaite, Charles Warren (United States 1899-1963) climatology

Troll, Carl (Germany 1899-1975) phytogeography

Visher, Stephen S. (United States 1887-1967) physical geography

physiological ecology (see physiology & physiological ecology)

physiology & physiological ecology (see also ecology)

Bergmann, Carl Georg Lucas Christian (Germany 1814-1865) anatomy, physiology

Cowles, Raymond B. (South Africa-United States 1896-1975) herpetology, physiological ecology

Fraenkel, Gottfried Samuel (Germany-United States 1901-1984) entomology, physiology

Fry, Frederick Ernest Joseph (England-Canada 1908-1989) physiology, ecology, limnology, fisheries science

Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson (England 1892-1964) genetics, biochemistry, physiology

Henderson, Lawrence Joseph (United States 1878-1942) biochemistry, physiology

Krogh, (Schack) August (Steenberg) (Denmark 1874-1949) physiology, zoology

Livingston, Burton Edward (United States 1875-1948) physiological ecology

Scholander, Per Fredrik (Norway-United States 1905-1980) physiological ecology

phytogeography (see also biogeography; botany; ecology; floristics; paleobotany; plant ecology)

Adamson, Robert Stephen (England-South Africa 1885-1965) botany, phytogeography

Axelrod, Daniel Isaac (United States 1910-1998) paleobotany, phytogeography

Cain, Stanley Adair (United States 1902-1995) phytogeography, ecology, conservation

Candolle, Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyrame de (France-Switzerland 1806-1893) botany, phytogeography

Candolle, Augustin-Pyramus de (Switzerland-France 1778-1841) botany, phytogeography

Chaney, Ralph W(orks) (United States 1890-1971) paleobotany

Clements, Frederic E. (United States 1874-1945) plant ecology, phytogeography

Dahl, Eilif (Norway 1916-1993) lichenology, phytogeography, plant ecology

Du Rietz, G. Einar (Sweden 1895-1967) botany, ecology, phytogeography

Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (United States 1873-1950) botany, paleobotany, phytogeography

Gaussen, Henri (France 1891-1981) phytogeography, geography, cartography

Good, Ronald D'Oyley (England 1896-1992) botany, phytogeography

Gray, Asa (United States 1810-1888) botany, phytogeography, floristics: try Google!

Grisebach, August Heinrich Rudolf (Germany 1814-1879) botany, phytogeography

Harper, Roland McMillan (United States 1878-1966) botany, phytogeography

Harshberger, John William (United States 1869-1929) botany, phytogeography, conservation

Heer, Oswald (Switzerland 1809-1883) paleontology, botany, entomology

Hooker, Joseph Dalton (England 1817-1911) botany, phytogeography, floristics: try Google!

Hultén, Eric Oskar Gunnar (Sweden 1894-1981) botany, phytogeography

Kuchler, August Wilhelm (Germany-United States 1907-1999) phytogeography

Marie-Victorin, Frère (aka Conrad Kirouac) (Canada 1885-1944) botany, floristics

Mason, Herbert Louis (United States 1896-1994) botany, phytogeography

Meusel, Hermann (Germany 1909-1997) phytogeography

Raup, Hugh Miller (United States 1901-1995) plant ecology, phytogeography

Ridley, Henry Nicholas (England 1855-1956) economic botany, phytogeography

Schimper, Andreas F. W. (Germany 1856-1901) phytogeography, botany

Schouw, Joakim Frederik (Denmark 1789-1852) phytogeography

Setchell, William Albert (United States 1864-1943) algology, phytogeography

Shantz, Homer L. (United States 1876-1958) botany, phytogeography

Skottsberg, Carl J. F. (Sweden 1880-1963) botany, exploration

Spalding, Volney Morgan (United States 1849-1918) botany

Steenis, Cornelis G. G. J. "Kees" van (Netherlands 1901-1986) phytogeography, floristics, conservation

Sukachev, Vladimir Nikolaevich (Russia 1880-1967) botany, forestry, phytogeography

Transeau, Edgar Nelson (United States 1875-1960) botany, phytogeography

Troll, Carl (Germany 1899-1975) phytogeography

Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich (Russia 1887-1943) phytogeography, crop science, plant genetics

Watson, Hewett Cottrell (England 1804-1881) phytogeography

Willdenow, Karl Ludwig (Germany 1765-1812) phytogeography, taxonomy

Willis, John Christopher (England 1868-1958) botany, phytogeography, evolutionary biology

Wulff [Vul'f], Evgenii V. (Ukraine-Russia 1885-1941) botany, phytogeography

plant ecology (see also biogeography; ecology; paleobotany; phytogeography)

Braun-Blanquet, Josias (Switzerland-France 1884-1980) plant ecology

Clements, Frederic E. (United States 1874-1945) plant ecology, phytogeography

Curtis, J. T. (United States 1913-1961) botany, plant ecology

Dahl, Eilif (Norway 1916-1993) lichenology, phytogeography, plant ecology

Mason, Herbert Louis (United States 1896-1994) botany, phytogeography

Oosting, Henry J. (United States 1903-1968) plant ecology

Raunkiær, Christen (Denmark 1860-1938) plant ecology

Raup, Hugh Miller (United States 1901-1995) plant ecology, phytogeography

Salisbury, Edward James (England 1886-1978) plant ecology

Sears, Paul Bigelow (United States 1891-1990) plant ecology, conservation

Shreve, Forrest (United States 1878-1950) plant physiology & ecology

Tansley, Arthur George (England 1871-1955) plant ecology

Turesson, Göte Wilhelm (Sweden 1892-1970) plant ecology & genetics

Warming, Johannes Eugenius Bülow (Denmark 1841-1924) plant ecology

Watt, Alexander S. (Scotland-England 1892-1985) plant ecology

Weaver, John E. (United States 1884-1966) botany, crop science, plant ecology

plant genetics (see genetics)

plant morphology & physiology (see also botany; physiology & physiological ecology)

Arber, Agnes (England 1879-1960) plant morphology

Florin, Rudolf (Sweden 1894-1965) paleobotany, plant morphology

Shreve, Forrest (United States 1878-1950) plant physiology & ecology

Sinnott, Edmund Ware (United States 1888-1968) plant morphology

Went, Frits W. (Netherlands-United States 1903-1990) plant physiology

population biology (see also ecology)

Chapman, R(oyal) N(orton) (United States 1889-1939) animal ecology, entomology

Lack, David Lambert (England 1910-1973) ornithology, ecology, population biology

Lotka, Alfred James (United States 1880-1949) demography, statistics

Nicholson, Alexander John (England-Australia 1895-1969) population biology, entomology, science adminstration

Wright, Sewell (United States 1889-1988) genetics, evolutionary biology, population biology: try Google!

science education & administration

Berry, Edward Wilber (United States 1875-1945) paleontology, botany

Bray, William L. (United States 1865-1953) botany, forestry

Cain, Stanley Adair (United States 1902-1995) phytogeography, ecology, conservation

Hansen, Henry Paul (United States 1907-1989) botany, palynology

Jordan, David Starr (United States 1851-1931) ichthyology, college administration

Kellogg, Vernon Lyman (United States 1867-1937) entomology, science administration

Merriam, Clinton Hart (United States 1855-1942) zoology, biogeography, ethnology, science administration

Merrill, Elmer Drew (United States 1876-1956) botany, floristics, science administration

Moore, John Alexander (United States 1915-2002) zoology, science education

Nicholson, Alexander John (England-Australia 1895-1969) population biology, entomology, science adminstration

Pinchot, Gifford (United States 1865-1946) forestry, conservation: try Google!

Salisbury, Edward James (England 1886-1978) plant ecology

Smith, Hugh McCormick (United States 1865-1941) ichthyology, fisheries science

Tate, Ralph (England-Australia 1840-1901) geology, botany

Whitley, Gilbert Percy (England-Australia 1903-1975) ichthyology, history

statistics (see mathematics, statistics & demography)

systematics & taxonomy

Bonaparte, Charles Lucien Jules Laurent (France-Italy 1803-1857) ornithology, systematics

Brongniart, Adolphe-Théodore France 1801-1876) botany, paleobotany, systematics

Engler, Adolf (Germany 1844-1930) botany, biogeography, systematics

Gill, Theodore Nicholas (United States 1837-1914) ichthyology, taxonomy

Hennig, Willi (Germany 1913-1976) entomology, systematics

Kerner von Marilaun, Anton Joseph (Austria 1831-1898) botany, systematics, ecology

Mayr, Ernst W. (Germany-United States 1904-2005) evolutionary biology, ornithology, systematics: try Google!

Rensch, Bernhard (Germany 1900-1990) evolutionary biology, systematics

Willdenow, Karl Ludwig (Germany 1765-1812) phytogeography, taxonomy

taxonomy (see systematics & taxonomy)

technology

Preston, Frank William (England-United States 1896-1989) ecology, conservation, glass technology

Réaumur, René-Antoine Ferchault de (France 1683-1757) natural history, technology, entomology

vertebrate zoology & paleontology (see also herpetology; ichthyology; mammalogy; ornithology; paleontology; zoology)

Cuvier, Georges (France 1769-1832) vertebrate paleontology: try Google!

Grinnell, Joseph (United States 1877-1939) vertebrate zoology, natural history, field biology

Harper, Francis (United States 1886-1972) vertebrate zoology

Hay, Oliver Perry (United States 1846-1930) vertebrate paleontology

Lydekker, Richard (England 1849-1915) mammalogy, paleontology

Matthew, William Diller (Canada-United States 1871-1930) vertebrate paleontology, zoogeography

Osborn, Henry Fairfield (United States 1857-1935) vertebrate paleontology, museology

Owen, Richard (England 1804-1892) anatomy, vertebrate zoology & paleontology: try Google!

Pilgrim, Guy (England 1875-1943) geology, vertebrate paleontology

Romer, Alfred Sherwood (United States 1894-1973) vertebrate anatomy & paleontology

Scott, William Berryman (United States 1858-1947) vertebrate paleontology

Simpson, George Gaylord (United States 1902-1984) vertebrate paleontology, evolutionary biology: try Google!

Wagner, Johann Andreas (Germany 1797-1861) zoology, vertebrate paleontology

Wood, Albert Elmer (United States 1910-2002) vertebrate paleontology

wildlife biology (see conservation; economics & economic biology)

zoogeography (see also biogeography; evolutionary biology; systematics & taxonomy)

Adams, Charles Christopher (United States 1873-1955) ecology, biogeography

Allen, Joel Asaph (United States 1838-1921) mammalogy, ornithology, zoogeography

Darlington, Philip Jackson, Jr. (United States 1904-1983) entomology, zoogeography

Forbes, Edward (England 1815-1854) geology, zoology, oceanography

Gadow, Hans Friedrich (Germany-England 1855-1928) zoology, zoogeography

Harrison, Launcelot (Australia 1880-1928) zoology