Pre-Political Condition, aka State of Nature	Reasons/Motives for Leaving	Just Social Order	Actual (Past or Present) Order
Hobbes (1588-1679) * Humans are strictly egoistic in motivation. * No mine and thine distinct. * Right of nature: to protect one’s life and interests by any means deemed necessary. *War of each against all. Life is “nasty, brutish, and short.”	Fear of violent death. Desire to enjoy comforts made possible by a stable social order. Hope to attain such a social order.	Make peace so far as others are likewise willing. Social contract is a mutual non-aggression pact of each with all. The Social Contract creates a Common-wealth. But without the next step it will be unstable: Hobbes favors absolute monarchy. Anything less risks a return to civil war and the state of nature.	An actual social order can be compared with the just social order that emerged from the social contract itself. It is justified to the extent that it conforms to the just social order. But Hobbes does not allow for rebellion against unjust rulers.*

* This motivates other types of social contract theory, e.g., the social contract theory of John Locke and the theory of justice proposed by John Rawls in the 20^th century.