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VUB Educational Resources for Students

The purpose of this webpage is to provide information Veterans Upward Bound participants can access when they are not in class.  Phase one will include the addition of Study Skills modules and links to Study Skills websites as well as links to suggested webquests that will make it possible for participants to study from home or from other locations outside the VUB office. Phase two will include career, financial aid and academic advising information.

This web page is not a substitue for getting "in person" instruction and advice from staff but it will help in the short run if you need a starting point.

Index

 

Calculating GPA

CDs, Books & Equipment Available for Checkout

Helpful Computer Tips

Helpful URLs

Managing Stress

Other Resources

Staff E-mail

Study Skills

Suggested Web Quests

Suggested Reading Lists

 

Participant Evaluation of the Veterans Upward Bound Program

 

STUDY SKILLS

Being A Good Listener

General Test Taking Strategies 

Getting the Most from Your Course Syllabus

Getting The Most Out Of Your Textbook

Note Taking In The Classroom

SQ3R

Study Skills Links

Study Skills Tips

Test Taking Strategies for the ACT

Time Management Strategies


ACT PREPARATION 

ACT FACTS

The ACT is a timed test consisting of four sections.  The sections, number of questions in each section, and time allotted to each section are: 
 

English Math Reading Science Reasoning
75 questions 60 questions 40 questions  40 questions
45 minutes  60 minutes  35 minutes 35 minutes
English
Content/Skills # of questions
Usage Mechanics 40
   Punctuation 10
   Grammar & Usage 12
   Sentence Structure 18
Rhetorical Skills 35
   Strategy 12
   Organization  11
   Style 12
Total  75
Math
Content/Skills # of questions
Pre-Algebra  14
Elementary Algebra 10
Intermediate Algebra 9
Coordinate Geometry 9
Plane Geometry 14
Trigonometry  4
Total  60
Reading
Content/Skills # of questions
Social Studies  10
Natural Sciences 10
Humanities  10
Fiction 10
Total  40
Science Reasoning
Content/Skills # of passages
Charts and Graphs 3
Experiments 3
Conflicting Viewpoints 1
Total  7 (40 questions total)
 

STRATEGIES FOR PREPARING FOR THE ACT

Before the test

A week before
A week or so before the test you should receive an entry ticket from ACT.  This ticket is your authorization to take the test.  It will tell you what date, time and location to take the test.  You must present this ticket to the test administrator on the day of the test.

The night before

There are several things you can do prior to the test date that will help your performance.

  • Do not cram for this test.  The day and night before the test you should not think much about the test at all.  Either you know the information or not, and worrying will just make you perform worse on the test.
  • Do not eat heavily or drink alcohol the night before the test.  Eat bland foods that do not cause indigestion.  Heavy meals and/or alcohol at night can interfere with your true rest, even if you sleep through the night.
  • Do something that you find very relaxing to help you be “loose” for the test day.
  • Consider going to bed early the night before.  You need lots of rest so you will fresh on the test morning.
 The morning of the test

Get up early enough that you will have plenty of time to complete your morning rituals.  Do not place yourself in a stressful rush-rush situation. 

Eat a healthy and energy-packed breakfast but do not eat so much it will make you sleepy.  If you normally skip breakfast you should at least eat something or drink some OJ.  Do not just rely on coffee.

Double check what you are bringing to the test.  Here are suggestions of items to consider:

  • Your entry ticket and two forms of positive ID (photo ID if at all possible).  Driver’s license and social security cards are two preferred forms.
  • Two or more sharpened #2 lead pencils with erasers
  • An approved calculator (see your ACT application packet for a list of approved calculators)
  • A watch which displays seconds (turn off the alarm if the watch has one)
  • A snack for the break (a piece of fruit or a candy bar)
  • Your glasses, hearing aid, etc, if you use them
  • If you chill easily, a sweater or jacket in case the room is cool.
  • A piece of paper or notepad in case you want to make notes about what the test administrator tells you after the test
If you arrive after the test starts, they will not admit you.  So leave home early enough just in case you need to look for the street or building where the test will be given.  Allow for morning traffic jams.  You might benefit from “scouting” the location a day early so you will not be late.

When you arrive at the test center

Before you enter the test room you should pay a visit to the restroom.  Once the test begins, you will lose test time if you have to duck out to go to the restroom.

When you arrive at the test room you should have your entry ticket and I.D. out and ready to show the administrator.  These are required for you to enter the room.

Before you approach the test room you should discard any food or drink you are consuming.  You are not allowed to eat or drink during the test.  You are, however, given a break between the second and third sections.

In the test room

Try to get to your seat five minutes early so that you will not be rushed to get settled before they hand out the test books.

You should select a seat where you can see the chalkboard and you will be able to hear the instructions clearly.  At the same time, try to find a seat that is away from the door and where people will not have to crawl over you if they have to leave early (you don't want your concentration broken during the test).  If you are tall or heavy, try to find a seat that fits your body so you will be comfortable.

If you did not bring a watch, you should look to see if there is a wall clock and select a seat from which you can see it.

Lay your pencils out on the desk or make sure they are otherwise accessible, such as in a pocket.  Be sure they are still sharp after transit.  Place all other belongings under the desk. 

During the test

In preparation for the beginning of the test you will be given some verbal instructions.  Then, test booklets and answer sheets will be handed out. Do not open the booklets until they tell you to do so.After materials are distributed, more verbal instructions will be given and a few examples about marking the answer sheet will be demonstrated.  At this time, if they don’t mention it, you might ask if you will be warned a few minutes before the end of each test section.

Instructions will be given for each section, but make sure to read the instructions in the test booklet also.  Be very careful not to rush through or skip the instructions in the booklet.

As you work through the test you are allowed to use the test booklet as scratch paper, but do not mark anything on the answer sheet except the answer.  You are not allowed to bring your own scratch paper. 

Make sure to transfer all answers to the answer sheet.  The test booklet will be collected and thrown away after the test and only the answer sheet will be scored.

The answer sheet is a bubble form, meaning you have to fill in a circle (or bubble) to record your answer.  This circle must be completely colored in.  Do not make stray marks outside or between the circles.  A computer will scan the answer sheets and stray marks can be translated as an intended answer and could possibly cause a wrong answer.  If you have to erase, do so completely but be careful not to wear a hole in the answer sheet.

IMPROVING YOUR SCORE (EVEN IF YOU DON’T KNOW ALL THE ANSWERS)

  • The ACT is a multiple-choice test with no penalty for wrong answers.  So when you don’t know the answer, GUESS! 
  • There are four choices for each question in the English, Reading and Science Reasoning sections.  That means a guess still has a 25% chance of being right.  The Math section has five choices for each question, or a 20% chance to guess the right answer.  But you can increase that chance by eliminating unlikely answers. 
  • There is NO order of difficulty in the ACT, so if you plan on doing the easy questions first you must find them.  To do this, you can utilize something called a two-pass system
    First Pass

    Before jumping in and starting at the beginning, look over the section.  Quickly read each question.  If it will be easy for you to do, go ahead and do it.  If you think you can do it with some work, circle it and come back to it later.  If you don’t have any idea how to do the problem, go ahead and guess now (at least you won’t run out of time and leave it blank).

    Second Pass

    Once you’ve gone through the problems and answered the easiest and most difficult, go back through the problems and do those that will require more detailed work.

  • Remember that you can write in your test booklet.  Mark out obviously wrong answers.  Use the margins as scratch paper.
  • Many calculators are allowed during the ACT Math section, but not in other sections, such as Science Reasoning.  Calculators can be useful for decimal problems, converting fractions to decimals, some graphing problems (if you have a graphing calculator), or percent problems.
  • Pace yourself.  When you start each section you will know the number of questions you have to answer and the amount of time allotted for that section.  Divide the time by the number of questions and you will get an idea about how many questions per minute you must complete.  As you calculate, allow a few minutes at the end of the section to review.  Stick to your schedule so you do not have to leave any blanks where you really did know the answer. 
  • A few minutes before time is up for the section, stop reading and make sure you have filled in every answer blank. Leave nothing empty.  Remember -- correct answers will contribute to your score, but wrong answers will count nothing against you.
  • If you complete a section before time is called, you should go back and review that section to make sure that you marked what you intended to mark and that you did not skip a number.
  • Don’t try to out-guess the test writers.  Just answer what is requested and do not play “psychology” games with yourself.


 SPECIFIC HINTS FOR EACH SECTION

 English

  • Only the underlined parts are to be considered as what might need correcting.  But also remember that not every underlined section will need correcting; some will require “No change.”
  • Watch for subject-verb agreement, tense agreement, misplaced modifiers, etc.  Remember – the correct answer will not contain spelling or grammar mistakes.
  • There may be some reading passages included in this section; follow the hints below in the “Reading” section.
 Math
  • When a line drawing is presented it will not necessarily be to scale.  You need to look for descriptions to tell you what the exact angles or lengths are.
  • Read the entire question and all the possible answers.  Do not jump the gun and answer quickly because you might not answer the entire question or the question that really was asked.  Test writers, knowing that many students work quickly and don’t complete the problems, often put partial answers as wrong answer choices. 
 Reading
  • The skills listed in this section also apply to other sections with reading passages.
  • When you’re required to read a passage, remember that you don’t get points for reading, you get points for answering.  Read the questions relating to the passage first, and then skim the passage looking only for the answers to the questions. 
  • Answer the detail oriented questions first, and finish with the general questions.  The information you learn from the detail questions may aid you with the general ones.
  • There are four reading passages and each has a different topic (Social Studies, Natural Sciences, Humanities, and Fiction).  Read a sentence or two of each passage and choose which one you want to work on first.  Pick the one you think will be easiest for you.
  • When using the Two Pass system with reading passages, complete both passes of that passage before moving on to another passage.  This way you don’t have to refresh your memory about the passage when coming back to it later.  And remember, if a question takes up too much of your time, guess and move on.
Science Reasoning
  • The Science Reasoning section is not a recall test.  It is more a test of whether or not you can apply scientific principles to a problem, as well as again testing your reading comprehension.  You will be provided with all the information you need to answer the questions.
  • The reading passages in the Science Reasoning section may include charts and graphs.  The answers to many questions might be included in these images instead of the reading passage. 
  • Make sure to pay attention to the units and number requested in a problem.  For example, a chart might record data in inches, while the question asks about feet.  You may have to do some conversions in this section.
  • Remember you can use several of the strategies you used on the Reading section. 
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NOTE-TAKING IN THE CLASSROOM

I.  The three parts of effective note-taking:
  1. Observation: During note taking, observe the instructor's body language, kinds of visuals used and how they relate to the subject.
  2. Recording: This is the note-taking part of the process.  Knowledge of outlining, legible handwriting, supplies such as pen and paper, and even a tape recorder  will be helpful and make taking notes easier.
  3. Review:  It is important to review what you have written to make certain that you have included all of your observations.  Make a list of questions to ask the instructor if you need something clarified.
II.  Tips for effective observation:
  1. Do your homework:  Complete all assignments that have been given prior to the  lecture. The instructor will assume that you have become familiar with the subject  before the lecture begins
  2. Be prepared: It helps to bring all necessary material.  Be sure you have enough paper,a sharp pencil, a pen with ink, and if the instructor refers often to the text, bring this to class also.  A highlighter may also be helpful.
  3. Become an active observer: Where you sit is important.  There are good reasons for sitting near the front.   It is easier to see visuals, hear the instructor, and to take part in discussion.  The instructor may also see it as a sign that you are committed to learning.
III.  Tips to deal with a wandering mind:
  1. Daydreaming is common.  When it happens, stop and refocus.
  2. Pay close attention to the instructor.  Make eye contact when possible.  Watch body language.  Animation and facial expressions may indicate something important.  Also, watch the instructors eyes.  Looking at notes usually signifies something important that they want to make sure they have covered.
  3. Environment plays an important role in ones ability to concentrate.  A room that is too cool or too hot may make it difficult to concentrate.  Be sure to dress for comfort.  Be aware of sounds that may be distracting and if the tone of voice used by the instructor is monotone, be prepared to make a special effort not to lose your focus.
  4. When you disagree with something, make a mental or written note of it and talk to the instructor after class.
  5. Lecture style can be distracting if you let them.  Don=t let your attitude get in the way of learning.  Forget the way the instructor walks, dresses, talks, etc. and take notes on the important thing.
  6. PARTICIPATE!!  Ask questions, volunteer, and take part in class discussion. This keeps you on task.
IV.  Clues to key information:
  1. Repetition of information usually means that it is important to the instructor.
  2. Use of visual aids such as charts, diagrams, and statistics
  3. Use of phrases that signal relationships, cause and effect, and giving of examples.
  4. Information that the instructor says is important should be written and highlighted. 
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THE SQ3R METHOD

SQ3R

SQ3R is a Reading/Study formula designed to help process and increase retention of written information.  It consists of the following five steps.

S = SURVEY               

Scan the piece of writing to establish its purpose and get the main ideas.  Look for:

  • Titles and Headings – Indicate the main topics and concepts being developed.

  • Pictures, questions, bold or italicized print – emphasize important information   

  • Introduction and conclusion –May give the topics being covered as well as the purpose.  First and last sentences in paragraphs 

  • Footnotes 

Q = QUESTION
Write questions to give purpose and improve concentration.  This aids comprehension. Turn main headings and pictures into questions.
     Jot down questions that you may have as you survey the material.
 
R =READ
Search for answers to your questions.
     Make notes and highlight main ideas that support the concept.

R = RECITE
 Reciting helps to put the information into your long-term memory.
     Put what you have learned into your own words.

R = REVIEW
It is important to review the material to understand and remember it.
     Did you answer all of the questions and understand the information? 

Reviewing each time you study will eliminate the need to “cram” for a test.
 

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TESTING

In General:

  • ALWAYS READ INSTRUCTIONS FIRST.  Glance over the entire test, noting which sections should take more time.

  • Answer easiest, shortest questions first.

  • Answer multiple-choice, true-false, and fill-in-the-blank questions next.

  • Answer short answer questions and essay questions last.

  • Pace yourself.

  • Leave plenty of space between your answers.

  • Use your first instinct.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TESTS

TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS

  • Answer them quickly.  Generally they are not worth much.

  • If any part of the true-false statement is false, the whole statement is false.

  • Look for qualifiers (such as “all,” “most,” “never,” “sometimes,” “always,” or “rarely”).  These are key words.  Absolute qualifiers such as “always” or “never” generally indicate a false statement.

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

  • Answer questions in your head first, before looking at answers on test.

  • Mark questions you can’t answer immediately, and come back for them if you have time.

  • If you have no clue, and no points are deducted for guessing:

    1. If two answers are similar, except for one or two words, choose one of these answers.

    2. If two answers have similar sounding or looking words (intermediate – intermittent), choose one of these words.

    3. If the answer calls for a sentence completion, eliminate the answers that would not form grammatically correct sentences.

    4. If two quantities are almost the same, choose one.

    5. If answers cover a wide range (4.5, 66.7, 88.7, 90.1, 500.11), choose one in the middle.

    6. If there is no penalty for guessing and none of the above techniques work, close your eyes and go for it.

MACHINE-GRADED TESTS

  • Be careful that the answer you mark corresponds to the question you are answering.

  • Check the number of the question against the number you are marking on the answer sheet whenever you switch sections and again at the top of each column.

  • Watch for stray marks.

OPEN-BOOK TESTS

  • Write any formulas/basic information you will need on a separate sheet. 

  • Use tape tabs (post-it notes, paper clips) to indicate important pages.

  • If using your notes, number the pages and prepare a table of contents.

ESSAY QUESTIONS

  • Read questions carefully.  Answer the question being asked.

  • Use an outline if you have time.

  • Get to the point immediately.

  • Review your answers for grammatical errors, clarity and legibility if you have time.

  • Other hints:

    1. Write clearly.  Sloppy papers are more difficult to grade and can result in lower grades.

    2. Be brief.  Show your teacher what you know, not what you don’t.

    3. Use a pen.  Pens are easier to read.

    4. When possible, write on one side of the page only.  Writing often bleeds through and obscures the writing on the other side, making it difficult to read.

HOW TO CRAM (even though you shouldn’t)

  • Make choices.  When cramming you can’t learn everything, so choose to study items you believe will be on the test.

  • Condense material into “digestible” chunks.  You will remember small bits of info easier than you will large bits.

  • Recite ad nauseam.  Reciting small bits of information until your sick of them will help put them into your long term memory.

  • Relax.  You won’t test well if you’re tense.

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GETTING THE MOST OUT OF YOUR TEXTBOOK

The purpose of marking and making notes in your textbook is to reduce the amount of information you have to study.  You can also reduce your overall reading time by reading the material thoroughly once, selecting the important information, and then focusing your attention on that information in your notes. 

Develop your own marking/highlighting and note-taking systems. Here are some suggestions you may find helpful for marking your textbook. 

  1. After reading a paragraph, find its topic sentence or main idea and highlight or underline it.

  2. Now that you know the paragraph’s main idea or point, you need to look for important supporting details.  Mark only the key words or phrases (not entire sentences) that support the main idea.

  3. Many times specialized words are an important part of reading material.  These words are often printed in bold, italic, or colored print in textbooks.  As you mark your text, circle these important terms and highlight the definition.

  4. Use numerals when you want to clearly and easily refer to/enumerate the steps, parts, reasons, advantages, etc. of material in the text.

  5. If several sentences together seem very important to you, then you can bracket them and mark them as “important” to avoid too much highlighting.

As you read and mark your reading materials, you may want to make notes in the margin.  Make these notes brief.  Make marginal notes to indicate something of importance, an example, the number of parts/steps, an important term.  For long pieces of reading, notes of this kind in the margin can serve as a way to find information in the text. 

Now that you have made notes in your text, you can use your highlighting and marginal notes to study.  Reread only the information you have highlighted and marked.  Try to make sentences that fit together with the marked information.  Finally try to recite and write the important information you have marked from memory. 

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GETTING THE MOST FROM YOUR COURSE SYLLABUS

A course syllabus is a document provided by your instructor that contains important information about and policies concerning the class. 

The following items are considered essential parts of the syllabus.  If this information is not included in the syllabus, ask the instructor about what is missing. 

  1. The instructor’s name, contact information for the instructor, and appointment or office hours

  2. The objectives for the class

  3. The attendance policy for the course

  4. The method the instructor employs to calculate the grades in the class

  5. The instructor’s policy about late work

Usually the syllabus includes, or is accompanied by, a course calendar.  This part of the course information material will contain a list of topics, chapters, reading assignments, tests, essays, and projects along with their due dates. NOTE:  Some instructors do not tell you in person all your reading assignments, test dates, etc., but you are still expected to comply with everything that is stated in the syllabus.

It is your responsibility to know how to contact and set up an appointment to meet with your instructor, to make your best effort to follow the instructor’s policies, and to be prepared for class. 

If you have questions or need more clarification about information in the syllabus, you should ask your instructor.  Most instructors are willing to clarify their expectations for you.
 

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TIME MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 

  1. Strive for balance in your life.

  2. Establish patterns and routines.

  3. Manage your time and develop a schedule with your goals in mind.

  4. Allow for adjustments to your schedule.

Writing Effective and Achievable Goals for Yourself. 

  1. Be specific and realistic.

  2. Set a specific date for reaching your goal.

  3. Write down the individual steps involved in meeting your goal.

  4. Reward yourself when you achieve your goal.

Achieving Your Goals

  1. Periodically evaluate your goals.  Update and revise them when necessary.

  2. Divide large goals into smaller goals.

  3. Ask for help from others when you need it.

  4. Tell your goals to others who will support you.

Create a Study Schedule for Yourself

  1. Estimate the study time you need for each subject.

  2. Study during your most alert times of day.

  3. Study immediately before or after a class if possible.

  4. Try scheduling fifty-minute study blocks with ten minute breaks.

  5. Study at least some time every day of the week.

  6. Avoid studying for long periods of time.  Generally more than three hours together is too much.

These tips and ideas are suggested by Linda Wong’s Essential Study Skills published by Houghton Mifflin Company, 1994.
 

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BEING A GOOD LISTENER

One way to improve your concentration in the classroom is to practice being an effective listener.  Good listening skills are necessary for understanding lectures, taking meaningful notes, participating in discussions, and communicating well with others.  Effective listening is much more than just hearing; listening requires understanding information that is spoken.  Here are several suggestions for developing the habit of being a good listener. 

  1. Do your best to ignore distractions and stay focused on what the speaker is saying.

  2. Listen for the big picture, i.e., the main ideas, rather than trying to catch all the details.

  3. Try to bring a positive attitude to the situation by creating, in yourself, an interest in some part of the topic.  Being genuinely interested will make listening effectively much easier. 

  4. Be an active listener by creating questions about the topic.  Write the questions in the margins of your notes to ask at the appropriate time.

  5. Don’t allow your emotions to create a barrier to your listening ability.  Sometimes this can happen when a topic is controversial or when you strongly agree or disagree with a viewpoint being presented.  Be aware of this possibility and work to concentrate on what the speaker is communicating.  Put your emotions on hold so that you won’t miss or misinterpret what is being conveyed.

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STUDYING IS INDIVIDUAL.  DO WHAT FEELS BEST FOR YOU.

WHERE TO SIT IN CLASS:

  • By doors or windows if you are claustrophobic or need natural lighting.

  • In the front to increase participation or attention.

  • In the back if you’re extremely shy.

DEDICATE CLASS TIME TO:

  • Taking notes if you’re a visual learner.

  • Listening to the lecture if you’re an audio learner.

TAKING NOTES:

  • Use a note-taking system.  One good system (Cornell format) divides the page approximately one-third of the way down the left-hand side.  Take your notes in the larger, right-handed side.  Use the left side to make brief notes, comments, guides, star important items, etc.

  • Write notes in outline form.

  • Write notes in “paragraph” form (when organization of lecture is difficult to follow).  Don’t use complete sentences, except for VERY important things.  Go back as soon as possible and re-organize your notes.

  • Listen for key words, or other ways your professor has to let you know what material is important.

  • Use abbreviations.  Don’t over-abbreviate.  Make sure you understand what you meant.

  • Label, number and date all your notes.

  • Review your notes as soon as you can after class.  Recopy or type your notes.  Expand on ideas you may have left out.

  • Copy your notes onto note cards.  Break the information into digestible chunks.

  • Outline your notes.

  • Review notes again before returning to class.

STUDYING OUTSIDE OF CLASS

  • When to study:

    1. Plan two hours study time for every hour you spend in class.

    2. Study difficult (or boring) subjects first.

    3. Avoid scheduling marathon study sessions.

    4. Be aware of your best time of day, and study then.

    5. Use waiting time.

  • Where to study:

    1. Use a regular study area.

    2. Don’t get too comfortable.

    3. Use a library.

  • How to handle the rest of the world:

    1. Pat attention to your attention.

    2. Agree with living mates about study time.

    3. Avoid noise distractions.

    4. Notice how other misuse your time.

    5. Get off the phone.

    6. Learn to say “no.”

    7. Hang a “do not disturb” sign on your door.

  • Things you can ask yourself when you get stuck:

    1. What is one task I can accomplish toward my goal?

    2. Am I beating myself up?

    3. Is this a piano (does it have to be done perfectly)?

    4. How did I just waste time?

    5. Would I pay myself for what I’m doing right now?

    6. Can I do just one more thing?

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  MANAGING STRESS

STRESS: Pronunciation: strĕs

n.

1.

Distress.

Sad hersal of his heavy stress.

- Spenser.

 

2.

Pressure, strain; - used chiefly of immaterial things; except in mechanics; hence, urgency; importance; weight; significance.

The faculties of the mind are improved by exercise, yet they must not be put to a stress beyond their strength.

- Locke.

A body may as well lay too little as too much stress upon a dream.

- L'Estrange.

 

3.

(Mech. & Physics) The force, or combination of forces, which produces a strain; force exerted in any direction or manner between contiguous bodies, or parts of bodies, and taking specific names according to its direction, or mode of action, as thrust or pressure, pull or tension, shear or tangential stress.

Stress is the mutual action between portions of matter.

- Clerk Maxwell.

 

4.

(Pron.) Force of utterance expended upon words or syllables. Stress is in English the chief element in accent and is one of the most important in emphasis. See Guide to pronunciation, 31-35.

 

5.

(Scots Law) Distress; the act of distraining; also, the thing distrained.

Stress of voice

unusual exertion of the voice.

 

 

Stress of weather

constraint imposed by continued bad weather; as, to be driven back to port by stress of weather.

 

 

To lay stress upon

to attach great importance to; to emphasize.

 

To put stress upon

to strain.

- Atterbury.

 

v. t.

1.

To press; to urge; to distress; to put to difficulties.

 

2.

To subject to stress, pressure, or strain.

 

3.

To subject to phonetic stress; to accent.

 

4.

To place emphasis on; to make emphatic; emphasize.

The definition above is from:  http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/stress

 DIS`TRESS´

n.

1.

Extreme pain or suffering; anguish of body or mind; as, to suffer distress from the gout, or from the loss of friends.

Not fearing death nor shrinking for distress.

- Shak.

 

2.

That which occasions suffering; painful situation; misfortune; affliction; misery.

Affliction's sons are brothers in distress.

- Burns.

 

3.

A state of danger or necessity; as, a ship in distress, from leaking, loss of spars, want of provisions or water, etc.

 

4.

(Law) The act of distraining; the taking of a personal chattel out of the possession of a wrongdoer, by way of pledge for redress of an injury, or for the performance of a duty, as for nonpayment of rent or taxes, or for injury done by cattle, etc.

If he were not paid, he would straight go and take a distress of goods and cattle.

- Spenser.

The distress thus taken must be proportioned to the thing distrained for.

- Blackstone.

Abuse of distress

(Law) See under Abuse.

 

v. t.

1.

To cause pain or anguish to; to pain; to oppress with calamity; to afflict; to harass; to make miserable.

[imp. & p. p. Distressed ; p. pr. & vb. n. Distressing.]

We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed.

- 2 Cor. iv. 8.

 

2.

To compel by pain or suffering.

Men who can neither be distressed nor won into a sacrifice of duty.

- A. Hamilton.

 

3.

(Law) To seize for debt; to distrain.

From:  http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/distress

Stress (in this handout think about Stress being short for “Distress”) is something that bothers us all from time to time.  Some people handle it well and others let stress handle them.  Here are some points to consider that can help you manage stress.

ACTIVITY HELPS REDUCE STRESS

Light to moderate physical activity can help relieve stress and so it is suggested if you are not recreationally active that you consider starting some program such as taking and early morning or late evening walk. Ride a bicycle or go swimming or do something other than sitting on the couch watching TV or sitting at a desk using a computer or playing digital games.  Check with your before trying any new physical exercise if you are not used to exercising.

 GOOD EATING HABITS ARE ESSENTIAL

 Eat less, especially at night-time. Going to bed with a full stomach can cause you to get poor sleep, and being tired the next day allows stress to get a hold on you. 

 Eat well balanced meals.  Fast food is bad for two big reasons. 

  1. It is not healthy because of the high fat and calorie content.  You need balance in your diet so you get essential vitamins and nutrients. 

  2. It encourages us to rush; rush to go back to work; rush to go home; rush to do just about anything.  Sitting down to a structured meal and dedicating time for that that you will not compromise helps you keep from building ups stress.

  3. Reduce caffeine intake, especially at night when you need to sleep.

BE ORGANIZED 

A well organized person avoids stress buy having things planned and laid out so there are fewer surprises than one who marches blindly into things and just tries to deal with them as they happen. If you know what is coming you can have longer to figure out what to do at the appropriate time.  The best organization tip I can offer is to take time to think about what is coming.  Start the day by sitting and thinking of the things you have to complete during the day and consider how you will attempt to do so.  Make a list of things to accomplish. This gives you a path to walk as you move through the day.  “Act, don’t react.”

Think ahead.  Keep a calendar (paper or electronic) and mark it with all appointments and plans.

Before you leave a place take inventory and be sure you have all you will need in the places you will go next.

Set short and long –term goals so you do not waste time doing things that will not help you  end up where you want to be.

WORK (Study) SPACE

Both to help manage stress and to improve study skills you should have a good study space.  It needs to be relatively free of noise.  It should be well illuminated and should have a full stock of material and easy access to you books and supplies.    Make sure the desk or table is the right size for you so you do not have to hunch over or stretch to reach the items you will need to use.  

DON’T BE AFRAID TO MAKE HARD DECISIONS

Some stress is dictated by our lack of action.  You might have a miserable job but you do not look for a change in work .  You might have a terrible place to live but you do not consider trying to find something more acceptable.  You might “hang-out” with people you know are bad for you to be around but they are easier to bee with than forming new and better relationships.  You might need to take stock of your life and make some hard decisions to make changes.  You already have made one by starting back to school to improve education but maybe other decisions are also called for.

MEDICAL

Some stress is best treated by a doctor.  If you have stress that comes back frequently or that never goes away, consider seeing a medical doctor for help.  It might be controllable with medicine or therapy.

HOBBIES 

Some people think they do not have time to have hobbies.  Consider making time to have a hobby  They do not have to be  expensive; just something you like and will distract you.  A good hobby will allow you to concentrate on something other than your daily routine.  It might be so simple as reading or as complicated as traveling to a new state every year.  IT might be expensive like model building or comic collecting or cheap like collecting and organizing  some kind of  bric-a-brac.  IF you start a hobby, make time for it and give it some importance in your schedule.

MENTAL DISCIPLINE

Some stress is caused by a lack of mental discipline.  You have heard people talk about having a positive outlook and that is something that is not just a naturally occurring thing but something that is designed and purposeful. You can think yourself into a bad mood or into great stress by thinking only bad things all the time.  If you look for the worst it will find you.  

  • Actively start each morning with a smile, even if you have to make yourself smile, and you might notice your mental stress reduces almost immediately. 

  • Start every day making a point to tell yourself good things.  If thinking the good things puts you in a loop where you discount what you are thinking, say positive things out loud.

  • Literally count your blessings because many people forget them the moment anything unpleasant happens.

  • Don’t be your worst judge.  Take credit for your accomplishments and pay attention to the little accomplishments along the way and don/t just look for one big achievement to feel good about your self. 

KNOW WHEN TO HOLD ‘EM and KNOW WHEN TO FOLD ‘EM

If something happens that agitates you, consider if there is anything you can do to change it or not.  If there is nothing you can do to change a thing it is best to not dwell on it and just move on.  The longer you carry around anger that is the result of something you can do nothing about the worse your stress will be come.  Don’t fill your soul with hateful thoughts and then you will have room for more pleasant things in your life.

OTHER

Here are some other ideas you can look up on the internet or in the library as means of controlling stress: 

  • Meditation

  • Tai Chi

  • Martial Arts

  • Chiropractic

  • Acupuncture

  • Religious Belief

Visit the following URL for more information on Stress.  http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Stress_management

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STUDY SKILLS  LINKS ON THE INTERNET

 

 


 

WEB QUESTS

More webquests are planned in this grant cycle
LOCAL EXTERNAL
West Nile Virus Web Quest .

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SUGGESTED READING LIST

(These books can be checked out from the VUB Library With Signature and Verification of Contact Information)
BOOK AUTHOR
The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven Alexie, Sherman
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Angelou, Maya
Gorilla, My Love Bambara, Toni Cade
Fahrenheit 451 Bradbury, Ray
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee Brown, Dee
The Good Earth Buck, Pearl
The House On Mango Street Cisneros, Sandra
Yellow Raft In Blue Water Dorris, Michael
Love Medicine Erdrich, Louise
Lord of the Flies Golding, William
Death Be Not Proud Gunther, John
Bloodlines: Odyssey of a Native Daughter Hale, Janet Campbell 
The Autobiography of Malcom X Haley, Alex
The Old Man and the Sea Hemingway, Ernest
Siddhartha Hesse, Herman
Selections Hughes, Langston
Their Eyes Were Watching God Hurston, Zora Neale
Lucy Kincaid, Jamaica
A Separate Peace Knowles, John
To Kill A Mockingbird Lee, Harper
Mankiller: A Chief and Her People Mankiller, Wilma
House Made of Dawn Momaday, N. Scott
Beloved Morrison, Toni
The Iceman Cometh O'Neil, Eugene
Animal Farm Orwell, George
Cry, The Beloved Country Paton, Alan
All Quiet On the Western Front Remarque, Erich Maria
Catcher in the Rye Salinger, J. D.
Taming of the Shrew Shakespeare, William
Storyteller Silko, Leslie Marmon
Of Mice and Men Steinbeck, John
The Color Purple Walker, Alice
Ethan Frome Wharton, Edith
The Glass Menagerie Williams, Tennessee
To the Lighthouse Woolfe, Virginia
Native Son Wright, Richard

 

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HELPFUL COMPUTER TIPS

New Yahoo E-mail Account Set-up
New Yahoo E-mail Account Set-up

Even if you do not have an internet account you can set up a free e-mail account.  These are the steps to follow for setting up a new Yahoo e-mail account.  Once you have this account you will be able to send and receive email from any computer that has internet access. 

  1. Open Netscape Navigator and type www.yahoo.com in the address bar at the top of your screen to get to the yahoo home page.  Next, follow the instructions below. 
    Click on  “Mail” 
  2. Click on  “Sign Up” 
  3. Click on  “Sign Up Now" under the Free Yahoo Mail heading.  There are three and it is the left choice. 
  4. Type what you want your Yahoo ID to be.  This will be your e-mail address.  It can be your name or a nickname.   Just be careful whom you give the address to. 
  5. Type your password.  This should be something you can remember very easily but something that other people wouldn’t know. 
  6. Ready for the tough one?  Re-type your password.  That’s it.  Just type it again. 
  7. Select your security question from the list.  Click on the arrow that points down on the right side of the box and you will have a list of questions.  Pick one that you can answer and move on. 
  8. Answer the question you just picked. 
  9. Enter your personal information.  Birthday, address, etc… 
  10. Choose your industry from the drop down menu. For students it will be education. 
  11. Choose your title from the drop down menu.  It will be “Student – College.” 
  12. Now you have a couple decisions to make.  The next thing you will see is a little box that you can check if you want your information put in a directory.  The information shown in the directory will be your real name, your city and your state.  If you don’t want to share this information, don’t check the box.  Also you are going to have the option to select some interests.  JUNK MAIL ALERT! !    There may be other boxes you can check if you want to.  Caution, checking them may cause you to receive junk mail. 
  13. After all this hard work setting up your account, you are a click away.  Click on  “Submit Form” 

Congratulations, you have just set up an email account with yahoo.  Good luck. 

For further instruction on sending and receiving e-mail and using the account you have just created, take the yahoo mail tour under “Help” on the yahoo home page.
 

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OTHER RESOURCES

Key points to remember when using Microsoft Word Key points to remember when using Excel Key points to remember when using Access
Key points to remember when using the internet Key points to remember when using Campus E-mail Troublesome Math Formulas
Difficult rules in English grammar and writing . .
. . .

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CDs, BOOKS & EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE FOR CHECKOUT

(Signature required & Contact Information Verification)

Product Type of Media 
Cinemania 95 (Microsoft) CD
Encarta 95 (Microsoft) CD
SAT & PSAT/ACT (Kaplan) CD
MathSoft StudyWorks CD
Multimedia: Term Paper CD
Multimedia: Highschool Grammar CD
Multimedia: Vocabulary CD
The Ultimate Frank Lloyd Wright (Microsoft) CD
. .
See The Suggested Reading List  Book
ACT Test Preparation Book
. .
Sony Cassette-Corder Hand-held Standard Tape Recorder
Sony Microcassette-Corder Hand-held Micro Tape Recorder
Texas Instruments TI-82 Calculator Scientific Calculator
. .

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CALCULATING GPA

It is important to keep track of your GPA and watch the grades that are reported. People make mistakes and you have to point out the errors if you want to be sure you are given full credit.

Courses meet specific times of a week.  A 3 hour class meets three times a week.  A one hour class just meets one hour a week.

WKU awards grades of A, B, C, D, F, and P (pass credit but not quality points are credited.

An “A” is worth 4 quality points per hour
A “B” is worth 3 quality points per hour
A “C” is worth 2 quality points per hour
A “D” is worth 1 quality point per hour
An “F” is worth 0 quality points per hour
*A “P” is for pass credit but no quality points. 

*Some schools will take credit away if you fail a pass/fail class so be careful you do not take these classes lightly. 

If you get an “A” in a 3 hour class you multiply 4 X 3 hours for 12 total quality points while a “C” in a 3 hour class is worth 2 X 6 for a total of 6 quality points.
 


1 2 3 4 5
A = 4 hr X 4 8 12 16 20
B = 3 hr X 3 6 9 12 15
C = 2 hr X 2 4 6 8 10
D = 1 hr X 1 2 3 4 5
F  = 0 0 0 0 0 0

Let’s say you take the following classes and received the grades shown:  

English for 3 hours  “B”
Math for 3 hours   “A”
Biology for 4 hours  “C”
Bio Lab for 1 hour  “B”
Anthropology for 3 hours  “D”

 

English is  3 hours X 3 points = 9 QP
Math is 3 hours X 4 points = 12 QP
Biology is 4 hours X 2 points = 8 QP
Lab is  1 hour X 3 points = 3 QP
Anthropology is 3 hours X 3 points = 9 QP
Add all the QP and your total is = 41

Now take the total number of HOURS ATTEMPTED for the semester (include failed hours if you have any) and DIVIDE THAT NUMBER INTO THE TOTAL QUALITY POINTS: 
     14 hours divided into 41 QP results in a 2.9 GPA for the semester

As you take more classes you can calculate every semester in this manner but remember that for an overall GPA you have to calculate all attempted classes and grades earned  and you should not just add each semester’s GPA together and divide by the semesters.

Many degrees (or even departments as you work toward a degree) consider C to be the breaking point and if you get  below that as an overall average you have deficit points which need to be made up. 

What if your grades are not as high as you like.  What do you do to raise the GPA?

The fastest way to raise the GPA is to repeat a class where you earned a low grade.  On the first repeat your second grade replaces the first grade, EVEN if it is lower, and on the second repeat of that class your second and third grades in the same class are averaged.

It is slower to just take new classes and try to get high grades.

REMEMBER, GPA is easier to lower than to raise so your best bet is to study hard in the first place and take no chances.

Some schools might calculate differently so check with your school for more information.    

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PARTICIPANT EVALUATION OF VETERANS UPWARD BOUND

Instructions

Your computer must have Acrobat Reader on it in order to open .pdf files.  You do not need to download Acrobat Reader again if you already have it.  If you need to download Acrobat Reader click here

After the download is complete, if the file does not open automatically, please click on it and open it. The questionnaire is set up for you to enter a date like this 07.29.04 and then you just click on a choice between 5 and 1 or NA for each question. When you click the choice you will see a red star appear. If you change your mind you can click on the star and it will go away. Please DO NOT have two stars for one question.

On the last page of the questionnaire you can add comments by clicking in the box and typing.

When you complete the form print it BUT DO NOT SAVE ANYTHING.

Once you print the form just collect the pages, and turn them in to the staff member in the classroom.

Note: There is no room for a signature because we do not need to know who told us what. That way you can be assured we will not hold grudges if you say something less than great.

Open the Evaluation Form here.

Thank you for completing the evaluation.

 


HELPFUL URLS

Coming:  Financial Aid, Career, and Other Counseling Information

 

VUB is funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Education (Fiscal Year 07-08: $278,881). The opinions expressed on this website do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of either the U.S. Department of Education or Western Kentucky University, and no official endorsement should be inferred.