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Overview

Grading | Combining | Code

General features

PADs are interactive Java applets that provide a wide range of ways to represent data and evaluate the correctness of those representations.  The all offer a fair number of options for setting criteria for evaluation, changing appearances and functions, and getting them to function together.

Grading

PADs have an internal grading engine so that no additional code needs to be writing to have them automatically evaluate graphs and diagrams.  Grading options can be set for a whole range of qualitative or quantitative evaluation.  The kinematics PADs (EquationPAD, GraphPAD, MotionPAD, StrobePAD, TablePAD, VideoPAD) accomplish this by fitting a function to the data points, and then compare the fit parameters to values specified in the parameters of the applet.  This has a number of major advantages.   First, certain features of a graph or diagram can be selected while others ignored, such as expecting a specific slope of the graph but accepting any starting point.  Second, by setting the tolerances appropriate, qualitative or quantitative evaluation can be achieved, e.g. requiring a merely a positive slope or requiring it to be 1.5 +/- 0.1.  Third, when there are multiple data points in a PAD, having one slightly off from the correct position will have a reduced effect on the grading.   Forth, a question coder needs to know no Java or programming, simply how to specify the accepted values of each parameter.  Fifth, the six different applets use the very same internal representation and evaluation routines, so there is less to learn when moving from one to another.  If greater security is desired, the webserver optionally could supply the PAD with no information about what to consider correct and instead use a string representation of the status returned by the PAD to evaluate.

Combining

PADs are modular and are designed to communicate with each other.  Any PAD can broadcast changes in its data to any other PAD on a web page, so when a user clicks on a point in VideoPAD, the time and position information can be automatically inserted into a GraphPAD or TablePAD on the same page.  Also, the status of another PAD can be used in the criteria for grading, for example requiring the intercept of a line segment on a velocity graph be the same as the slope for the corresponding segment on a position graph.

Code

PADs are Java applets written in Java 1.1, "old" technology that is present in every major browsers, even 4.x generation Netscape and Internet Explorer.  This means no downloads or plug-ins to make them work. PADs can be scripted using JavaScript, but that is unnecessary for normal use.  All the flexible options are specified by the use of the <PARAM> parameter tags.

PADs developed by Scott Bonham. Supported by National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation and Western Kentucky University Western Kentucky University