Fall 1999

The Annual Newsletter of the Department of Geography and Geology at Western Kentucky University.

inside...

Eulogy to Dr Wayne L. Hoffman..............................

Welcome to the New Faculty..........................

Adventures in Geography ..............................

Faculty Activities..............................

Alumni News ..............................

Electronic Alumni News Form (SEND IT IN TODAY!) ..............................

A Letter from the Department Chair

Dear Friends:

       As some of you may know, Dr Wayne Hoffman was diagnosed with terminal cancer in early May of this year. The cancer spread rapidly and he passed away on May 28th. Dr Hoffman was born in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, on August 12, 1937. He received his Bachelor's degree from Wisconsin State University, Oshkosh, in 1962, his Master's degree from Ohio State University in 1966, and his Ph.D. from the University of Florida in 1970.
       Dr Hoffman taught at Wisconsin State University, Oshkosh, prior to coming to Western Kentucky University in 1970. He served as Head of the Department of Geography and Geology from August 1977 to May 1999, during which time he built the Bachelor's and Master's degree programs into what are widely acknowledged as among the very best in the southeastern United States.
       During his career, Dr Hoffman published more than 50 articles in professional journals on topics dealing with city and regional planning, economic development, and the plight of the impoverished. He was also the author of nearly 90 public service technical reports for cities and counties throughout Kentucky, as well as several for regional agencies. In 1987, he received the Outstanding Service Award from the Kentucky Chapter of the American Planning Association for his numerous contributions to the Commonwealth. He also received the Western Kentucky University Public Service Award in 1986, as well as serving on the Barren River Area Development District Board of Directors for several years.
       Dr Hoffman truly loved his students and always had great appreciation for their success. While we all mourn his passing, the traditions he established will continue with our memories of him. Foremost among these traditions was the emphasis Dr Hoffman placed on having faculty serve as mentors for students with respect to their research and publication efforts. During the 1998-99 academic year there were 17 student paper presentations and publications, either as co-authors with faculty members or independently under the guidance of their faculty mentors.
       The faculty, of course, continued to be exemplary in their research efforts. During 1998-99, faculty members published 10 refereed journal articles and book chapters, 10 non-refereed articles and presented 49 papers at professional meetings. In addition, 19 technical reports were submitted to various firms and agencies. The bi-weekly Department Seminar Series established by Dr Hoffman was highly successful during the past year, serving to stimulate both student and faculty research interests. The same was true for the field trips and lectures sponsored by the Geology Club.
       This past year, Ogden College was awarded a Program of Distinction by the State of Kentucky in which the department is now a major player. Fourteen students are currently employed as research assistants in affiliation with the Kentucky Climate Center and the Center for Cave and Karst Studies.
       We have two new tenure-track faculty members who joined us in August. Dr Mace Bentley from the University of Georgia will serve as the Assistant State Climatologist, ultimately replacing Glen Conner. Jamie Strickland (ABD--also from the University of Georgia) is replacing Dr Mark Lowry who retired in December.
       Classroom instruction continues to be enhanced by technology. In addition to our two largest classrooms which are equipped with big-screen monitors, computers, and Internet access, softboard (some called "smartboard) technology is on the horizon for our smaller classrooms. These will be equipped with individual student monitors and the ability to download all illustrations from the "virtual blackboard" (or porcelain whiteboard in this instance).
       In remembrance of Dr Hoffman's legacy, I met with representatives of the WKU Foundation in June to establish the Wayne Hoffman Memorial Fund. This will be a fund for scholarships and financial assistance for research projects for students majoring in geography or geology. If any of you would like to contribute to this fund, checks should be made out to the "WKU Foundation - Wayne Hoffman Memorial" and sent to:
The WKU Foundation
Western Kentucky University
One Big Red Way
Bowling Green, KY 42101-3576
       I will be serving as Interim Department Head through December 31, 1999. Early in the fall semester a Search Committee will be appointed to select a permanent department head who will be promoted from within the department. The permanent head will take over on January 1, 2000.
       We wish you all the very best in the coming year and ask that you please take a few moments and complete the Alumni Information form attached to the back of the GEOGRAM. Whenever you are in the Bowling Green area, please come by and visit. We love to see you. If you are not in the area, drop us a line (either e-mail or snail-mail). Hearing from you is the next best thing.
Sincerely,
Conrad Moore (conrad.moore@wku.edu)
Interim Department Head

Eulogy for Dr Wayne L. Hoffman, by Jim Davis

WELCOME NEW FACULTY

Adventures in Geography

       David J. Keeling

       England conjures up a variety of images in the minds of most people: castles and queens; fish and chips; rolling green fields and misty moors; the narrow streets of London and the industrial canals of Manchester; and cricket and Wimbledon tennis. One of the most striking images of England, however, is the contrast between the economically prosperous southeast region dominated by London and the economically depressed industrial towns and cities of the Midlands and northeastern regions. For two months this past summer, I traveled the length and breadth of the United Kingdom in order to understand more clearly how the landscapes of England have changed in recent decades.
       The Industrial Revolution changed the geography of England in profound ways. From the end of the 18th century until the late 1960s, industrial and urban growth transformed the landscapes of middle England, with huge cities emerging from the roots of rural villages. Manchester, Sheffield, Liverpool, Leeds, Birmingham, Newcastle..... the roll-call of great industrial centers highlights how much Britain's global dominance rested on the productivity of cities.
       However, by the end of the 1960s, the industrial landscape had deteriorated badly. Coupled with the scars still remaining from World War II bombing, the global shift in industrial production to the peripheral regions of Asia and Latin America left these once proud cities of England in serious decay. In comparison, the southeastern region centered on London had prospered nicely since 1945, in part as a consequence of London's role as a financial center in the emerging post-industrial global economy.
      One of the most notable changes has been in the housing market. The industrial terrace houses made famous by Britain's longest-running television program, Coronation Street, have fallen on hard times. Property prices have collapsed and the privatization of government-owned "council" houses introduced by the Thatcher government in the late 1980s has not met with the type of success envisioned by local authorities. Rows upon rows of boarded-up windows and doors now greet residents and visitors alike in what once were vibrant neighborhoods. A typical terraced house in a declining neighborhood barely fetches 10,000 pounds today, whereas similar houses in the southeastern region regularly sell for ten times that amount.
       During the period of high economic growth in the early 1990s in England, the region surrounding London in the southeast experienced a property boom that pushed prices through the roof. Although prices have stabilized and even dropped in some areas, the average family home in the southeast still sells for over 100,000 pounds, which is dramatically higher than the average home price in the old industrial core.
       Other noticable changes on the landscape include the construction of new infrastructure and buildings associated with the financial and service components of the global economy. Although London has seen the lion's share of this construction, former industrial cities such as Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham, and Leeds have not gone untouched. In Manchester, major construction in the downtown core is in the process of transforming a somewhat shabby area into a world-class business and shopping center. A light-rail system introduced several years ago has helped to improve accessibility and mobility throughout the city.
       In Sheffield, the former industrial Don River Valley has been cleaned up and transformed into a more productive and environmentally healthier area. Birmingham has benefitted from the rehabilitation of its urban canal system, with shops, restaurants, hotels, business towers, and apartment complexes replacing run-down warehouses and dock buildings. Other cities such as Newcastle and Glasgow have enjoyed the aesthetic impacts of new and rehabilitated infrastructure and buildings.
       Despite these positive improvements to the former industrial landscapes, however, the central region of England continues to lag socially and economically behind the southeast region. Unemployment, crime, quality of life, and economic opportunity are all worse in the old industrial core than in the booming southeast. As a result, outmigration continues to deplete the populations of smaller towns and villages as young people seek opportunity and the "bright lights of the big city" to the south.
       London has emerged at the end of the 20th century as one of three keystone cities in the global economy (along with New York and Tokyo). Its importance as a financial, cultural, and political center has attracted global capital and transnational entrepreneurs, who in turn have helped to alter the urban landscape. The most significant restructuring has occurred in the eastern section of London between St. Paul's Cathedral, the City (financial district), and the Isle of Dogs. These three areas are linked by the fully automated Docklands Light Railway (currently being extended across the Thames River to Greenwich and Lewisham), which has helped to transform land use. The historic financial center of London (The City) is undergoing a new round of construction as office towers mushroom on the skyline to complement existing structures such as the Natwest Tower and the architecturally stunning Lloyds Insurance building.
       In and around the Isle of Dogs, construction has begun once again on office towers, retail centers, and residential complexes after the financial collapse in the early 1990s of Olympia and York, the real estate company that funded initial investments in the Canary Wharf project. Across the Thames in Greenwich, the Millennium Dome dominates the skyline and construction is underway on a variety of commercial and retail projects. Further upstream, opposite St. Paul's Cathedral, a new footbridge across the Thames is under construction, designed to link the area around St. Paul's with the Southbank district. Anchored by the recently opened Shakespeare's Globe Theater near the famous Tower Bridge, the entire stretch of river east towards Greenwich has undergone renovation to attract tourists and Londoners alike to the delights of the traditional East End neighborhoods of London.
       From world-class cities to industrial slums, England offers incredible contrasts in geography, history, architecture, and culture. The task for planners and policy makers is to ensure that the country's oasis of development does not become surrounded by a sea of turbulent poverty and dissatisfaction. Indications so far show that Britain's government has not developed any long-term policies to address these spatial inequities.

More Faculty Adventures...

   by Michael May

      This past spring, I had the wonderful opportunity to join five other Western faculty members on a most enjoyable two-week trip into China. This was the first ever Faculty Development Seminar abroad where faculty from various colleges traveled together as part of the collaboration between Western and the People's Education Press (PRP) in Beijing. The PRP is interested in cultivating exchanges between educators in various countries and in having discussions on various educational issues including pedagogical topics, content topics, and trends in the People's Republic relative to global changes in education and business.
       The first portion of my trip was perhaps the most interesting relative to global politics. We left Bowling Green on Mother's Day, the same weekend that NATO forces managed to bomb the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade, killing several Chinese. Enroute to Beijing from Detroit we discussed how we might be perceived or treated by the Chinese since CNN and other media were already broadcasting anti-American and anti-NATO student demonstrations in Beijing. The local Bowling Green TV and newspapers were apparently trying to convey that the traveling group from Western might be in "harms way." Several other state universities from Kentucky were also sending delegations of people to China at that time and, after a U.S. State Department warning for American travelers was issued, some of these folks were called back by their administrators. I am quite thankful that the administration at Western fully supported us continuing our trip.
       It was obvious to us all that a senator from Kentucky and numerous other politicians were thinking that CNN broadcasts of student demonstrators and a warning from the U.S. State Department were indeed representative of "breaking all diplomatic ties with the U.S." This was not true and as far as individuals and universities that we were to visit, we were still going to be well-treated guests! I learned that the media is in the business of selling dramatic stories and not necessarily the truth.
       We joked several times as the first week progressed during numerous 12- and 13-course meals that we were all having another helping of "harms way." Student demonstrations at the U.S. Embassy were apparently staged by the Government for Western T.V. viewers and lasted only about three days. We felt safe walking the streets at night and everyone we met on the streets, in stores, and in restaurants, etc., was quite welcoming.
       Other exciting sites visted in Beijing included the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Ming Tombs. Words cannot describe the art and architecture at any of these sites. The Forbidden City is really a city within a city. China is famous for walled compounds within walled compounds, and the Forbidden City is but one spectacular example. I found the carved marble railings, banisters, steps, and ramp ways to be remarkable. Since marble is a metamorphic rock found in mountain belts and not present in Beijing, it had to be brought in from about 75 to 100 miles away. One particularly large carved marble piece (over 80 feet long) was dragged over 75 miles by the Imperial workforce (note that this is why a college education is useful). How did they do that? They dug a well every half a mile along the transport route and, in the winter, drew water from each well and spread it on the pathway over which the stone slab was to be moved. This action created a nearly frictionless ice highway. Talk about labor-intensive work!
       In addition to visiting Beijing and environs we traveled via air to Xi'an, the ancient capital of China. On the flight over the highly dissected loess plateau and Yellow River areas, and in Xi'an, the importance of loess was readily apparent. This wind-blown silt and clay blown in from the Gobi Desert creates particulate "pollution" giving the sky a dusty or hazy look, but it is also responsible for renewing the nutrients in agricultural regions. Some Chinese have dug into the loess and have created cliff-side housing units. These housing units are not earthquake proof unfortunately.
       In Xi'an, a city of six million people, we were immersed in Chinese history for three days: prehistory, all the Dynasties, religions, cultural diversity, ethnic diversity, etc. What a place -- 8th-century pagodas, mountain views, and world famous art and archeological museums. One of the most exciting places to visit was the Terra Cotta Warriors Museum and Archaeological site. The experience of viewing "the most significant archeological find in the 20th century" proved surreal. We gazed with awe onto detailed, life-size pottery figures (and, of course, they gazed back, as they have for 2000 years). All of these works of art were standing in place in loess deposits, guarding the emperor's tomb.
       Another highlight of the Xi'an area was going up into the Qinling Mountains, considered one of the eight great sites in central Shaanxi Province in central China. These mountains are tectonically a boundary between two of the great tectonic plates making up the central part of China. Lots of faults and associated silver, gold and other metallic minerals are common in this area. On our trek up into the mountains we saw beautifully terraced fields in loess deposits in the foothills and quaint villages along the road ways. Here too in the countryside it is obvious that the Chinese are building, and expanding, new roads, new housing, and cable lifts for tourists, etc.
       Our two weeks abroad were all too short and we all enjoyed seeing first hand the economic expansion of this part of Asia, the food, the drink, and the friendship. I certainly would like to go back again. If you are interested in finding out more about my, and other, faculty experiences in China please point your browser to Dr. Jane Olmstead's web page. She has many photographs of our trip on line and a nice journal of our travels. Be sure to check out the last photo in this journal of myself about to consume a large whole freshwater fish Chinese style (mouth and eyes wide open and wielding chopsticks)!

GEOLOGY IN THE NEWS

by Ken Kuehn

       In 1998, the Kentucky Society of Professional Geologists (KSPG) launched its "Distinguished Geologic Site" program. The goals of this program are to provide formal recognition of Kentucky's rich geologic heri-tage and to increase the awareness of its citizens about that heritage. With support from various levels of state government, the first site was officially designated on September 26 in a ceremony held in the town of Jenkins, Letcher County, Kentucky. Amid the bustle of media coverage, Mayor Robert Shubert eloquently accepted a special plaque from KSPG President Dr. Don Chesnut of the Kentucky Geological Survey.
       The extraordinary Pound Gap Roadcut is the result of constructing a 2.7 mile bypass on US Rt. 23 near Jenkins, which links the states of Kentucky and Virginia. Earlier that week, Governor Paul Patton had visited the site in order to open officially the new highway. This short stretch of road, constucted at a total cost of about $53 million, represents the most expensive state-supervised highway project in Kentucky's history!
       For geologists in particular, however, this new highway offers one of the most remarkable exposures of rock in the entire eastern United States! The Pound Gap Roadcut exposes Late Devonian through Early Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks that usually lie far below the surface in that region. Thanks to the famous Paleozoic thrust faulting on Pine Mountain and the recent good work by the KY Department of Transportation in removing approximately 9 million cubic yards of material, it is now possible to view in detail more than 2,000 feet of continuous stratigraphic section. These rock layers reveal a fascinating story of advancing and retreating seas, swamps and coal deposits, and the building of the Appalachian Mountains.
       Natural gaps through the mountains always have been important to the story of Kentucky's history and development, with the famous Cumberland Gap being the most widely noted. The new US Rt. 23 bypass through Pound Gap will be no exception. Not only will the highway bring much needed commerce and tourism into the region, but a permanent Welcome Center being constructed there will feature graphical displays and explanatory materials so the general public can better appreciate the geologic uniqueness and importance of this locale. (Also, especially for geologists, a descriptive field guide for the site can be obtained by contacting the Kentucky Geological Survey.)
       The KSPG's "Distinguished Geologic Site" program is an on-going one. It seeks to bring Kentucky's outstanding geology the public recognition it deserves. Do you wish to nominate a site? You can learn more about this significant program, including its nomination and selection criteria, by contacting Dr. Ken Kuehn at (270)745-3082 or kenneth.kuehn@wku.edu.

   Pound Gap Roadcut.

FACULTY ACTIVITIES

    NICHOLAS CRAWFORD has had an extremely productive year as director of the Center for Cave and Karst Studies. As part of the Ogden College Applied Research and Technology Program of Distinction, the Center has been positioning itself to play a larger role in national cave research. The primary foci for Dr Crawford this year have been research with micro-gravity and resistivity, the Mammoth Cave Field Studies program, and restoration of Lost River Cave. Through the Program of Distinction, the Center for Cave and Karst Studies was able to hire Alan Glennon as a full-time research hydrologist.
       The City of Bowling Green has contracted Dr Crawford to help alleviate flooding problems in the city's karst environment. For the task, the center has acquired a microgravity meter and resistivity meter, which are precision instruments for the detection of caves from the surface. The next big discoveries in applied karst research will be in the surface detection of subterranean cavities and the Center for Cave and Karst Studies is positioned to be in the forefront of this research. Dr Crawford attended and presented at national conferences in Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee to address these topics of research. Two undergraduate students were hired to support the microgravity project and a dozen more students have participated in the project's other hydrogeologic work.
       This was the twentieth year of the Mammoth Cave Karst Field Studies program. Along with perennial favorites Karst Hydrology and Speleology, Art Palmer taught Cave Geology, and George Veni taught Hydrology of the Edwards Aquifer in San Antonio, Texas. As one of the premier karst education programs in the nation, students from across the country came for the courses. The course coordinator, Ashley Yaeger, again did a great job and things went off without a hitch.
       Lost River Cave, owned by Western Kentucky University, has also been an emphasis for Dr Crawford this year. Through a grant from the Commonwealth of Kentucky, restoration began on the dam and dancefloor at Lost River Cave. The work, which is nearly complete, moves toward the goal of having Lost River Cave be a community and university resource for recreation and environmental education. No less than a dozen students have participated in the Lost River Project.
       For more information about the Center for Cave and Karst Studies' projects, visit our site at: http://caveandkarst.wku.edu

    JAMES DAVIS continued teaching on a half-time basis in his optional retirement status. His article "Elevated Railways" was published as part of the two-volume Encyclopedia of Urban America: The Cities and Suburbs, released in October 1998. Jim presented "Siting a Regional Airpark: Planning, Process, and Sixguns" (co-authored with Wayne L. Hoffman) at the national meeting of the Association of American Geographers, convened in Honolulu in March 1999. He is a board member of the Intermodal Transportation Authority and also serves on the Transportation Committee of the Barren River Area Development District, on the Parking and Transportation Committee at Western, and on the Bowling Green Mayor's Advisory Committee.

    CHRIS GROVES stayed busy as usual during the school year and, except for the sad blow that we're all feeling with the loss of Wayne Hoffman this spring, its been a pretty good year. Several major projects have been at the forefront, primarily the September 1998 meeting of the International Geological Correlation Program, Project #379: Karst Processes and the Global Carbon Cycle, which the Center for Cave and Karst Studies and Mammoth Cave National Park hosted here at WKU. Over 100 scientists and students representing seventeen countries attended, and overall the meeting was a great success.
       Another major project that has kept Groves busy is the Source Water Protection Initiative of the Technical Assistance Center for Water Quality, which has been established this year at WKU through a four million-dollar grant from the US EPA. The object of the group is to develop methods by which agricultural land-use practices can be developed that can minimize the impacts on downstream (or down gradient, in the case of groundwater) water quality. Groves and his students also worked during the year for various funded water quality projects for the National Park Service and the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
       The most notable publication of the year (mixed in with a number of boring grant reports) was Bridging the Gap Between Real and Mathematically Simulated Karst Aquifers, an invited presentation/paper for an international symposium on karst groundwater modeling that was held this February in Charlottesville.
       The happy news is that, since several of these research projects center around karst hydrology in the Mammoth Cave System, along with Chris' on-going geochemical work with Mammoth Cave Hydrologist Joe Meiman, there has been ample opportunity for interesting cave trips through the spring and summer. Among the most fun has been a series of in-cave dye traces with Joe for the Fish and Wildlife Service that have concentrated on recharge area delineation in the Flint Ridge and Roppel sections of the Mammoth Cave.
       In March, Chris and Deana traveled to Hawaii for the national meeting of the Association of American Geographers, where Chris presented a paper on his work at Mammoth Cave, and where they both continued their beach geomorphology research work. The focus this year was to explore new beaches on the island of Molokai, where they found that in winter and spring the beaches look great, but swimming can be deadly! Current plans include a sabbatical break for next spring, when Deana and Chris will travel to Oxford University for several months. There, Chris will work with Dr. Heather Viles to develop calibrated mathematical models to simulate limestone weathering, this time in order to study the processes by which European cathedrals and other historic buildings are disintegrating through time.

    DAVID J. KEELING writes that his sixth year in the Department has been challenging, exciting, and productive, with lots of wonderful research trips, great classes, many informative conferences, and hard-working students to keep him hopping.
       At the end of last summer (1998), Dr Keeling spent a month in Ecuador directing, and teaching in, the Kentucky Institute for International Studies (KIIS) summer program. Along with eighteen outstanding students and a biologist whose research interests included Charles Darwin (Dr Lynn Ebersole from NKU), David once again traveled the length and breadth of Ecuador, visiting the Amazon lowlands, the humid coastal regions, the Andean Sierra and the Galapagos Islands (certainly the highlight of the trip). In November 1998, Dr Keeling flew across the Pacific to Hong Kong, PRC, for a one-week research and lecture trip. Along with lectures at the University of Hong Kong and at Hong Kong Baptist University, David's mission was to evaluate the changes in Hong Kong's landscape over the past decade, particularly in transportation infrastructure. Similar themes motivated a research trip to Costa Rica in March, where Dr Keeling looked at the changing nature of the country's economy in the context of regional and global integration.
       Finally, the academic year once again ended on a very high note with another lecture trip to Europe. Dr Keeling served as the American Geographical Society's "Floating Lecturer" on an educational cruise around the British Isles, visiting the Channel Islands, the Scilly Islands, Cornwall, Wales, the Inner Hebrides, the Orkneys and Shetlands, Aberdeen, Edinburgh and Newcastle, before ending with three days in London. Before and after the cruise, David took the opportunity to cross the length and breadth of Britain, clocking up over 4,600 miles (which is hard to do in a small country like Britain!) evaluating transportation systems and economic development zones. The contrast between the wealthy southeast around London and the old, deteriorating industrial north proved striking (see story above). Although the trip certainly proved hectic, it closed out nicely an exciting and busy academic year.
       Dr Keeling also had a productive year attending conferences, presenting research papers, and giving guest lectures as a visiting professor in the United States and overseas. In September 1998 he presented Social-Spatial Dynamics of Quality of Life in Urban Argentina at the XXI International Congress of LASA in Chicago, and later in the month presented Lost in Space? Regional Integration, Accessibility, and Development in the Southern Cone at the annual meeting of CLAG. In October, Dr Keeling presented Mexico, NAFTA, and Changes in Potential Accessibility at the annual Midwest Association of Latin American Studies (MALAS) conference hosted by WKU and the Department, and at the November KAS meeting in Louisville he presented Can Economic Integration Work in the Southern Cone? The Case of MERCOSUR, with research provided by graduate student Matt Zoellner. Finally, at the annual AAG conference in March, 1999, convened in Honolulu, Hawaii, David presented Latin America, a chapter (coauthored with David Robinson and Cesar Caviedes) in the forth-coming book Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century.
       In October, 1998, Dr Keeling was invited to the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California, by the School of International Studies, where he presented a seminar titled Crossing the Millennium Rubicon: The U.S., Latin America, and the Fate of Nations. In November, David presented NAFTA: Problems and Promises as part of a panel on NAFTA sponsored by the Chamber of Commerce and Western's International Business Center. Later in November Dr Keeling presented two lectures in Hong Kong (one at the University of Hong Kong and the other at Hong Kong Baptist University) on the theme of globalization in Pacific Asia. Finally, in April 1999, he presented Latin America at the Millennium: New Directions, Familiar Crises as part of the Visiting Professor Series sponsored by the Department of Geography and Latin American Studies Association at the University of Ohio, Athens.
       On campus and in the community, Dr Keeling remains active with public presentations and lectures on topics of current interest. He gave four lectures on globalization and economic change as part of the College of Business' MBA program, several guest lectures in geography courses, and a lecture on his visit to Hong Kong for the Department of Geography and Geology's seminar series.
       Public and other service also kept David busy during the past year. He again served as Master of Ceremonies at the annual National Geography Bee state finals held at the University of Louisville this past April and he remains active in promoting cultural exchanges with Ecuador and other Latin American countries. Committee duties in professional organizations, including the editorship of the European Specialty Group's newsletter, also kept him busy throughout the year. David edited the 1998 edition of the Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers Yearbook and currently is serving as President of the Midwest Association of Latin American Studies.
       Publishing the results of research remains a top priority, and Dr Keeling continued his efforts in this regard during the past year. A chapter on transport development in Mexico appeared in an edited volume titled Regional Development and Planning for the 21st Century: New Priorities, New Philosophies, published by Ashgate in September 1998, while an article on contemporary landscape changes in Buenos Aires, Argentina, has been accepted for publication by the Journal of Latin American Geography. Dr Keeling continues to publish Intercambio Internacional, the journal of Western's Latin American Studies Program, contributing an editorial in each issue, and he also had several book reviews published in a variety of forums. A number of new articles are in preparation and David continues work on two new books, one to be titled Contemporary Ecuador and the other on secondary cities in Argentina. He hopes to have these books published sometime early in the new millennium!
       Dr Keeling plans to have another exciting, productive, and enjoyable year in the Department. He is especially looking forward to teaching the Geography of World Music this Fall. As always, Dr Keeling encourages past, present, and potential students to come by and share travel stories, information, and geographic tidbits. He can be reached easily in cyberspace at: david.keeling@wku.edu or by phone at (270) 745-4555. Also, visit Dr Keeling's homepage on the World Wide Web.

    KENNETH KUEHN continued his focus on professional service activities this past year. Last Fall he was the chief organizer for an international karst conference held in Bowling Green, along with co-conveners Dr Chris Groves and Joe Meiman, who is the hydrologist at Mammoth Cave National Park. The meeting was the first ever to address the effects of karst on the global carbon cycle and it was attended by 150 people representing more than 20 countries. Highlights included an evening banquet meal and boat tours within Bowling Green's own Lost River Cave and several post-meeting field trips around the region.
       As the 1998 Past President of The Society for Organic Petrology (TSOP) Dr Kuehn serves as consultant to this year's governing Council, as Chair of its Nominating Committee, and continues as the Society's Archivist. TSOP is an international, scientific society whose purpose is to further our understanding of important sediment-ary organic materials such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
       Dr Kuehn also continued as Secretary/Treasurer for the Kentucky Society of Professional Geologists (KSPG), an organization he helped to found in 1997. This young Society has grown to over 250 active members, and it offers a Fall field conference and a geosciences symposium (Spring) each year. The 1998 Fall conference was to the new roadcut at Pound Gap (see story above), which is on Pine Mountain in southeastern Kentucky. This impressive locale has been designated as the Commonwealth's first "Distinguished Geologic Site." The Spring symposium, held in Lexington this past April, centered on the official opening and dedication of the Kentucky Geological Survey's impressive new core library and storage facility. The aim of the KSPG is to provide a forum for all geologists who live or work in Kentucky. If you are not a member, please contact Dr Kuehn for details on how you can join and participate in these interesting and informative activities.
       Dr Kuehn has been active within the Bowling Green community as well. He recently authored a $5,000 grant, which was funded by the City, in order to preserve an historically significant tree. The great "Bent Tree," a 325-year-old white oak, is the only tree within the City to be registered in Kentucky's "Roots of the Commonwealth" historic tree program. It is also being registered at the Federal level. Thanks to this grant, Bowling Green's most famous tree will receive much-needed professional preservation. Arborists have estimated that with proper continued care "Bent Tree" should survive to see its 400th birthday!
       For these and many other of his service activities over the past several years, Dr Kuehn recently received formal recognition from the University. He was selected by a committee of faculty to receive the 1999 Award for Public Service in the Ogden College of Science, Technology, and Health. The 1998-99 academic year also marked Dr Kuehn's fifteenth year as a WKU faculty member. He continues to teach introductory geology courses, as well as Stratigraphy and Structural Geology for our majors and minors.
       In April, Drs Kuehn and Beth McClellan led the annual 800-mile field excursion into the Appalachians for about twenty WKU students. Joining them this time was a group of students and faculty from Eastern Kentucky University. A wonderful cooperative adventure resulted, which included great weather, great stones, and a special stop at the famous Chattanooga Aquarium. The EKU group has offered to return our hospitality by leading a field trip to the Saint Francois Mountains in Missouri this Fall.
       Also this Fall, Dr Kuehn will lead a review of the geology undergraduate curriculum and he requests input from all Alumni who have taken geology courses. Please call (270-745-3082), or write (kenneth.kuehn@wku.edu), and tell him what you think was the good and not so good about your geology education at WKU. What changes would you recommend? How can the geology program better serve student needs, and the needs of the current workplace? Any comments you care to make are welcome, and Dr. Kuehn always appreciates hearing about how and what you're doing in life.

    MICHAEL MAY has completed his third year as a faculty member and certainly already feels like he has been at Western for quite some time, considering all the new hiring and retirements in the Department over the past year. He has been busy attending geology research conferences and continued teaching introductory geology and environmental geology during the 1998-1999 academic year. During the upcoming 1999-2000 academic year, he will be teaching aqueous geochemistry and stratigraphy in addition to introductory geology and environmental geology. He is also continuing as an adjunct faculty member teaching environmental courses for the University of North Carolina's Education and Research Center. This year he taught one course for UNC in historic Williamsburg, Virginia, from August 9 through August 13. He is also continuing his teaching of a short course on karst-related features for Austin Peay State University's Elderhostel Program in Clarksville, Tennessee.
       Probably one of the most rewarding experiences for Dr May over the past year has been his trip to China. The trip was organized and funded through the Center for International Studies at Western, with the help of Dr John Petersen. One faculty from each college was chosen based on submitted application materials to each college dean and Dr Petersen. Approximately 35 faculty applied for this study abroad opportunity, which was dubbed the first WKU Faculty Development Seminar in China. As many of you know, Western has been sending individual faculty members to China through the years but, heretofore, there was never a faculty group traveling together representing all colleges at Western. Mike was the Ogden College representative. A total of six faculty were chosen from all the colleges, including Dr Jianliang Wang in Education (a native of Beijing), who has also greatly aided Western's exchange program with China.
       Talk about timing! The group arrived in China just in time for the NATO bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade! Already enroute to China before the US State Department issued a warning for Americans, the WKU faculty group all decided to stay in Beijing despite what the American press was conveying. Most of the trip consisted of visiting various schools and universities and listening to formal lectures on Chinese history, culture, politics and, of course, food and drink! Most of the time was spent in the greater Beijing area, but a three-day trip to Xi'an (the ancient capital city) was another highlight. The experience was wonderfulthe people, the culture, the food, the geology. What a way to spend two weeks at the end of a grueling Spring Semester! For more on this trip, see the separate article on China above.
       The paper publishing and paper presentation aspect of Dr May's work continues. This past year he attended the eastern sectional meeting of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) in Columbus, Ohio, where he presented Petrographic Differentiation of Basal Pennsylvanian and Mississippian (Chesterian) Siliciclastics in Western Kentucky and also judged several papers. The abstract for the presented paper was published in the September 1998 issue of the AAPG Bulletin. A highlight of the Columbus meeting was getting on a bus and traveling to the Toledo area to collect pyritized (fools gold) replaced fossils and world-class trilobites in the famous Sylvania, Ohio, quarry. This quarry had been restricted to many collectors and presently is about to be destroyed. Thankfully, the city of Toledo is preserving at least a small part of the paleontologic resources in a park-like setting at the edge of the present quarry. Here the public can visit in the future and collect fossil specimens.
       Mike also published Environmental Geology and Petroleum Geology: Problem Solving at the Lexington-Bluegrass Army Depot, Kentucky in the AAPG's sister journal, Environmental Geoscience, in October 1998. He is planning on attending another eastern sectional AAPG meeting this September in Indianapolis, Indiana, where he will present two papers: 1) Solving Environmental Problems with Petroleum Geology Principles: A Kentucky Case Study, and 2) Outcrop and Subsurface Evaluation of Chesterian and Basal Pennsylvanian Sequences in Western Kentucky. The abstracts of both papers were published in the August 1999 AAPG Bulletin.
       Work continues on the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Unconformity project in Western Kentucky. Numerous days have been spent over the summer collecting geophysical well-log and stratigraphic/core-log data from the Kentucky Geological Survey Field Office in Henderson. Dave Williams and the other KGS employees have been quite helpful and have shown Mike the great lunch spots in Henderson. Mr Preston (of Preston Center fame) himself frequents Planters Coffee House---this establishment comes highly recommended if any of you are in the vicinity of Henderson/Evansville. Needless to say, research projects include more than just lunch but lots of data were collected -- honest!
       Fieldwork, including measuring stratigraphic sections and keying in petrographic samples to measured sections, also continued as a significant part of the Mississpippian-Pennsylvanian project. Most of the outcrop work over the last few months has been centered in Butler County along the Natcher Parkway. Goals for this long-term project include providing a better stratigraphic framework for lower Pennsylvanian and upper Mississippian rocks in northern Warren, Butler, Edmonson, Muhlenberg, Grayson, and Ohio counties. This should provide research opportunities for students as well. Revision of antiquated Geological Quadrangle maps (GQs) in the research area has been recognized by the KGS as being greatly needed. It is hoped that the KGS may support some of this effort with access to cores, petrographic samples, and by providing some field support.
       Dr May, along with Dr Chris Groves and others, is embarking on collecting water samples for several problematical rural water systems in Kentucky. This effort is being funded through Ogden's EPA grant to aid rural water districts in Kentucky and other southern states. Numerous meetings have been conducted to try to narrow down the potential sites for water sampling and analysis. Presently, several graduate students continue to aid in this EPA project.
       Another ongoing activity Mike has been involved with is cooperating with the Federal EPA out of Cincinnati and Washington D.C. on the establishment of an approximately four-acre environmental geo-physics testing site for use by WKU faculty and students and by EPA and their contractors. At press time, EPA had agreed to the lease conditions set up between WKU and the Agency. A survey of the property and a Phase I environmental assessment are all that are needed to proceed with the construction phase of developing the site. Several objects will be buried at the site, which is located above mapped passages of Lost River Cave near the intersection of Campbell Lane and Industrial Drive in Bowling Green. These buried objects and the cave passages will be mapped with high-tech remote sensing equipment by all participating students. Experience gained of mapping with geophysical tools will provide unique opportunities for our students before they reach the job market. We are pleased and proud that WKU will be oneof two EPA geophysics-testing locations in the USA!
       Dr May also participated as a judge along with a few other departmental faculty at the Southern Kentucky Regional Science Fair, held at the WKU South Campus in March. Another on campus event included advising an undergraduate, Jay Skinner, on his presentation of A Deep Geological Prospect in Caldwell County, Kentucky. Jay presented this paper at the 1999 WKU Sigma Xi/Honors Program Student Research Conference in April. This presentation focused on the complex stratigraphic and tectonic setting at a proposed gas-well location. This well was to be drilled into the little tested Devonian strata in western Kentucky. It was a great experience (and crash course) for Jay, as he learned first hand how geophysics in the form of both seismic and well logs are the prospector's tools of the trade. We will let you know next year how the well came in.
       During the 1998-1999 academic year, Mike was also involved in developing a new course at Western for Education majors entitled "Interdisciplinary Science for Elementary Education." In addition to being one of the key faculty members in developing the course, he was also a main instructor in team teaching the course during the Spring Semester. He cooperated with Dr Sandra Clements (visiting professor in Astronomy) and with Dr Kathi Matthew (Education). Dr Mary Prante of the Department also helped with developing the course and provided GIS and cartography lectures and demonstrations for the students. The grant funding this course was primarily from NASA. It was stipulated by NASA that faculty developing and teaching the course for the Spring 1999 Semester were to attend a leadership conference at the University of Maryland in November 1998. Dr. May, along with several other WKU faculty, attended this conference. It was interesting to participate in a workshop setting and to discuss problems regarding American schools. Most of the discussion centered around the need to get science professors involved with educating teachers, based on the apparently less than stellar science comprehension of most grade school and high school students today. Developing courses for improving the content and pedagogy for elementary education majors is a goal that NASA and other granting agencies believe is a step in the right direction for improving science literacy. They believe the only way this can be successful is to have cooperation between education departments and science departments at universities.
       During February 1999, Mike made a presentation to the Indiana-Kentucky Geological Society on his work at the Lexington-Bluegrass Army Depot. It was a good exchange with the society's members in Henderson. They even convinced Mike to join the society, which he did. In the recent past, the society was made up mostly of Illinois Basin oil business folks, but now about half of the membership is involved in environ-mental geology and contaminant hydrogeology-a sign of the times!
       Additional travel opportunities for Dr May included a spring break trip with his family to the greater San Francisco area and to the Denver area in July to visit family and enjoy the scenery. The California trip was extremely relaxing but Mike managed to mix work with pleasure by collecting numerous rock and sediment samples for the WKU collection and to shoot slides for classroom use. Some salient features shot included views of fault scarps along San Andreas and many nice views in Point Reyes National Seashore, such as Drakes Beach and Chimney Rock. Other nice locations visited included the countryside near Muir Woods, Earthquake Lake trail, and numerous beaches from Half Moon Bay to Pebble Beach and all the way down to Santa Cruz. The geology along the coast was spectacular angular unconformities in Tertiary units, beds dipping away from the coast, sea caves, accumulations of polished jasper pebbles, and geohazards galore- lots of slumps of unstable slopes caused by El Niqo. A side trip south of the Bay area included Pinnacles National Monument -a severed volcanic center moved along the San Andreas Fault approximately 200 miles north of its original location--plate tectonics in action!
       In addition to presentations to university, pro-fessional, and community groups, Mike participated in several newspaper, radio and television interviews mostly related to his visit to China in May. In addition to the media hype associated with Western faculty being "in harms way," Mike and other faculty travelers were given an opportunity to provide a well-rounded discussion of their Chinese encounter. This discussion was nicely presented in a one-half hour "Outlook" program produced by WKYU television. During the interview, there happened to be some Dutch reporters filming the interview as part of their international exchange program. They were filming in public tele-vision studios throughout the USA and were going to record some of the China discussion to help show their European audiences about the making of a docu-mentary program in America. They were quite interested in the timing of the China trip, as were many of our local media.
       What a year! It is doubtful that next year will entail as many travels and adventures, but who knows? So many rocks and lands, so little time ............

    BETH MCCLELLAN had a very successful year. This past spring she was granted tenure and promoted to Associate Professor. She presented papers at the annual meetings of the Kentucky Academy of Science, the southeastern section of the Geological Society of America and at the national meeting of the Geological Society of America. She was very active in supervising student research papers and in the Geology Club. She also reviewed a manuscript for Southeastern Geology. Beth is currently on leave from Western in order to join her husband in Kansas. Her leave of absence will extend through the summer of 2001.

    CONRAD MOORE presented a paper entitled The Geography of American Innovation Prior to 1930 at the annual meeting of the Kentucky Academy of Science in November, 1998. A second paper, Nineteenth-Century Processes Contributing to the Treelessness of the Great Plains, was presented in April 1999 at the annual meeting of the Association for Arid Lands Studies in Fort Worth. Previous papers dealing with drought equilibrium in the western and interior United States and nineteenth-century hydrological droughts in the Great Plains have been published in the Forum of the Association for Arid Lands Studies. The various environmental courses which he teaches are still going strong.

    ALBERT PETERSEN reports that this was basically a quiet year. The semester started with another 8:00am class of S & M... not easy for student or teacher. The work with the Kentucky Department of Education Testing Task Force did finally come to some conclusion in designing the social studies tests for pre-service teachers... Oh Lord, another test for future teachers of the Commonwealth! Work continued with the Kentucky Heritage Council Preservation Review Board as meetings were spread around the state from Frankfort, Henderson, and Dawson Springs.
       In November, Petersen presented a paper at the Kentucky Academy of Science that dealt with gambling boats on the Ohio River and his belief that river boat gambling is actually taking place in Kentucky water; and we all know that Kentuckians do not believe in gambling. April was interesting in that Petersen actually got to work with school kids on "real" geography stuff...the Kentucky Geography Bee finals at the University of Louisville and Earth Day activities at St. Joseph's School in Bowling Green.

    MARY CATHERINE PRANTE cries Tempis fugit! Not only does time fly, but it's taking the Concorde! Life here in the Department just keeps getting more fun...and more busy! Debbie Kreitzer, Guy Perry, and Dr Prante presented at the Applied Geography Conference held in Louisville last October; the moderator of the session was David Padgett, an alumnus of the department. They had a great time, catching up with life and times! On the grants and contracts front, Stuart Foster and Mary have a cooperative agreement with West Kentucky Corporation, which is concerned with the development and promotion of Western Kentucky, to create webpages for their website. Spring semester was a real learning experience: Mary got to serve on three search committees, so you can imagine how very pleased she is to welcome new colleagues Jamie Strickland and Mace Bentley. Mary hopes that they have as wonderful a time here at Western as she has been having.

    FRED SIEWERS' first year at Western was an exciting one, filled with interesting teaching experiences, exciting geology conferences, and new research directions. On the teaching front, Dr Siewers took over the Historical Geology and Sedimentology courses previously taught by Dr Debbie Kuehn and he offered sections of Introduction to Geology and the Physical Geology lab. In several of these courses, Dr Siewers began to incorporate Internet and CD-ROM-based exercises to enhance the learning experiences of his students. By all accounts, these exercises went quite well and were judged by students to be interesting supplements to traditional classroom lectures. In addition, three groups of Dr Siewers' Sedimentology students presented papers at the annual Sigma Xi Research Conference. Research topics, all conducted during the course of the spring Sedi-mentology class, included a sediment texture analysis of the Mill Hole Spring (a nearby blue hole), a petrographic study of geodes from the Ft. Payne Formation, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of Pennsylvanian peat preserved in "coal balls." Leading these students in their first-ever research endeavors was a high point of Dr Siewers' first year.
       Like several other faculty in the Department, Dr Siewers took part in the Friends of Karst meeting held at Western's South Campus last fall. Dr Siewers was saddled with the interesting (if not hectic) task of organizing the conference's student volunteers, a task which introduced him to a good number of the Department's geology and geography majors. With Drs May and Kuehn, Dr Siewers also participated in the Annual Field Conference of the Kentucky Society of Professional Geologists. This year's conference was to the new highway cut at Pound Gap in eastern Kentucky, arguably one of the most spectacular rock exposures in the southern Appalachians.
       In addition to these activities, Dr Siewers renewed in earnest a previous research project on the preservation of coal swamp plants preserved in Pennsylvanian "coal balls" (limestone bodies preserved in ancient coal seams). The research, in collaboration with a geologist and paleobotanist at the University of Illinois, seeks to resolve a century-old debate of how coal balls form and how the coalified plants they contain can be so spectacularly preserved. Dr Siewers contribution to this research centers on the petrography and mico-textures of minerals found within coal balls, a contribution that has led him to spend a considerable part of the spring and summer in Ogden College's electron microscope facility. Dr Siewers spread the word about his research this past spring through several departmental presentations and more formally at the North Central regional meeting of the Geological Society of America in Champaign, Illinois.
       All and all, it has been exciting year for Dr Siewers. Anticipated highlights for the coming year include (for him) a first-ever offering of Invertebrate Paleontology, conference presentations about his latest research, and (quite significantly) a new addition to his family, due in November! Dr Siewers welcomes you to stop by his office or to drop him a line at fred.siewers@wku.edu.

    L. MICHAEL TRAPASSO, as usual, has been actively teaching most of the meteorology and climatology courses in the Department, while running the College Heights Weather Station. He continues to deliver presentations and information about the weather to area community groups, local schools, and the mass media. At the present time, he has two research articles (in press) co-authored by former students, Larisa Keith and Tim Troutman. He has another two manuscripts he hopes to complete, as soon as he can clear the docket'. "There are days when administrative hassles and student issues take all the available time. Writing has to be put on the back burner," he says. Dr Trapasso continues to attend professional meetings to present his work to colleagues whenever possible.
       Through time Dr. Trapasso has established himself as a bit of Civil War Historian. "When I moved to Bowling Green about 20 years ago, I got hooked on Civil War History. Through the years, I've slowly researched the history of the area. It's quite an interesting story," he said. Trapasso has been giving presentations about the Civil War in Bowling Green (once a military stronghold, and the capital of the Con-federate State of Kentucky) to university classes, literary clubs, and Civil War Round Tables around the state. In the next year or two, he will be presenting this work to Civil War Round Tables on the east coast, if all goes well. As Dr Trapasso says, "It's fun to talk about something other than the weather."
       National and international travel is still his first love. Last spring break, he and a friend completed an extensive trip around Emerald Isle (see story above). He claimed he needed to see Ireland to complete the British Isles, and that was his opportunity. He specifically wanted to visit Northern Ireland, having been raised with news stories of the turmoil in this troubled corner of the world. Belfast seemed remarkably cheery as he toured through both notorious Catholic and Protestant neighborhoods. However, the day he left, a female lawyer was killed when her BMW exploded in a Catholic neighborhood. The next day a man was shot and killed on one of the Protestant streets he visited the day before. Londonderry (or Derry as they called it) was remarkably quiet. He described a weird kind of sadness hanging over the city; "very difficult to put into words."
       After leaving Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland offered a rich and ancient history. Exploring castle ruins, one of his favorite things to do, occupied much of the remaining time. In all, it was a wonderful experience and a trip he said he might repeat sometime. This summer, Trapasso has two trips planned. The first will have him returning to Montana and Wyoming. "These are two of my favorite western states. There's so much to see and do... from the Indian wars with the U.S.Cavalry, to Lewis and Clark Trails, to wonderful geologic features," according to Trapasso. It is also a chance to visit with friends he has not seen for a long time. His major trip of the summer, however, will take place in Norway. This is his first visit to any of the Scandinavian countries and he is ready for something new and different. One of the reasons for Norway this particular summer is to attend the wedding of a friend. The event will take place in Oslo. However, he states, "while everyone else is running around trying to get this wedding together, I plan to do some Indiana Jonesing around." Trapasso has to limit the number of sites he can visit according to the time allotted, but he has a definite itinerary in the works. Among the major cities he will be exploring are: Oslo (the nation's capital), Bergen (coastal city and home of the Bergen School of Meteorology), and Trondheim (a lovely city in its own right). As for physical features, he will be traveling well north of the Arctic Circle, and will spend time in the rugged tundra of northern Norway. "Of course you can't visit Norway without seeing some fjords and other glacial geomorphic features," he says. Some extended train rides will also allow him to shoot rolls of film along the Norwegian countryside.
       Designing international travel plans, and trying to prepare for the next semester's courses makes for a busy and very confusing summer. By comparison, the Fall 1999 semester will be a time when he can rest a bit and settle down for a while.

ALUMNI CONTRIBUTIONS

       Contributions to the Department of Geography and Geology Development Fund increased over the past year. The number of individuals contributing to our Fund topped the 100 mark! Thanks to everyone for helping us achieve our goals this year, but we need your help now more than ever as budgets continue to be extremely limited; your contribution will go a long way to ensuring that we have sufficient supplies and equipment for student use. When you receive a call from our students, or whenever the spirit moves you, make a contribution to the Department and to the University. Be sure to specify that the money be designated for use by the Department of Geography and Geology. Our profound thanks to our contributing alumni. We gratefully acknowledge gifts from:

Thad S. Abell; Tony C. Allison; Mr & Mrs Daniel Anderson; Mr & Mrs James Anderson; Norval Baird; Mr & Mrs Keith Barnhill; Ronald E. Becker; Leigh Roy Bell; Janet G. Bemiss; Monty Shawn Bertram; David Biber; Joe Bishop; Teresa H. Bishop; Mr & Mrs Keith M. Board; Dennis B. Bond; Mr & Mrs Robert Bond, Jr.; Sam S. Boyd; Irvin G. Boysen; Roger D. Breeden; Donald P. Briddon; Kathleen R. Butoryak; Robert L. Bybee, Jr.; Mr & Mrs G. Calhoun, Jr.; John Kenneth Carmichael; Mr. & Mrs. Bobby Carson; Harvey Lee Clark, Jr.; Richey B. Cline; Doral Glen Conner; Stavros Constantinou; Ronald E. Coulter; David Cross; Dorothy S. Darby-Paschal; Donna Gail Diaz; Julie Ann Domian; David Lee Doyle; Leon Dunagan; Ruth Price Duncan; Shawn Dye; Sue McMullin Edwards; Richard A. Evershaw; Albert John Feix, II; Mr & Mrs Jerry Finley; Mr & Mrs James Ford; Charles D. Fulkerson; Mr & Mrs Rocky Gillam; Marty Goin; Mr & Mrs Jerry C. Griffin; Dr & Mrs Chris G. Groves; James Bernard Hale; Joel K. Hargis; Robert Harrison; Mr & Mrs Derek Helm; William Hill; Cindy Huston; Tracy L. Irvin; Dean Johnson; Timothy Wayne Justis; David J. Keeling; Timothy Edward Kelly; Mr & Mrs Andrei Kerpan; Mr & Mrs Bryan S. Kinkel; John Thomas Kizer, Jr.; Melanie Ann Lawrence; Tamara Lewis; Michael L'Heureux; Catherine Miller Lowe; Dr & Mrs Fred Mader; Mr & Mrs Brian Martin; Allen G. McKee; Kevin Morris; Joseph Murphy, Jr.; Mr & Mrs William Neisz; Michael C. Nichols; Mr & Mrs David Orne; William Dudley Peyton, II; Karen Kay Potter; Gregory William Powell; Julie Price; Leonard Pyzynski, Jr.; Denise Rouse; Mr & Mrs Dennis Rouse; Tim Schafstall; Boyd Sexton; Reginald Glenn Shanks; James Shaw, IV ; Randolph Shields; Mr & Mrs William Sorrell; Nancy Green Speakman; Harry L. Spires; John Carl Stark; J. Kevin Strader; Sherree Lynn Tipton; Unocal Foundation; Marvin E. Warren; Aric Wilhelm; Greg Willoughby; Mr & Mrs Shaun Winter; Ross Wayne Workman; John Yewell; Mr & Mrs Joe James Young; Gregory Zoeller

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GEOGRAM 1999

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Mail to: Dr. David J. Keeling, GEOGRAM Editor
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GEOGRAM is designed, edited, and produced for the Department by Dr David J. Keeling.
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Copyright:Department of Geography and Geology, 1999
Posted on 8/17/99