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Abbott, Ian, 1974. Numbers of plant, insect and land bird species on nineteen remote islands in the Southern Hemisphere. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 6(2): 143-152. A.T.: species-area relation; island biogeography

Abell-Seddon, Brian, 1971. Introduction to Biogeography. London: Duckworth. 220 pp.

Adams, Charles G., & Derek V. Ager, eds., 1967. Aspects of Tethyan Biogeography: A Symposium. London: The Systematics Association, Publication No. 7. 336 pp. A.T.: Tethys; paleobiogeography

Ager, Derek V., 1963. Principles of Paleoecology. New York: McGraw-Hill. 371 pp.

_____, 1971. Space and time in brachiopod history. In Frank A. Middlemiss et al., eds., Faunal Provinces in Space and Time: Proceedings of the 17th Inter-university Geological Congress (Liverpool: Seel House Press, Geological Journal Special Issue No. 4): 95-110.

_____, 1973. The Nature of the Stratigraphical Record. London: Macmillan; New York: Wiley. 114 pp.

*Ahlgren, Isabel F., & Clifford E. Ahlgren, 1960. Ecological effects of forest fires. Botanical Review 26(4): 483-533. A.T.: soil; environmental factors  JSTOR

Amerson, A. Binion, Jr., 1975. Species richness on the nondisturbed northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Ecology 56(2): 435-444. A.T.: island biogeography; birds; vascular plants; environmental factors

Anderson, Edgar [1897-1969], 1952. Plants, Man and Life. Boston: Little, Brown; Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. 245 pp. A.T.: economic botany

Anderson, Sydney, 1974. Patterns of faunal evolution. Quarterly Review of Biology 49(4): 311-332. A.T.: taxonomic diversity; ecological diversity

Anderson, Sydney, & Charles S. Anderson, 1975. Three Monte Carlo Models of Faunal Evolution. New York: American Museum of Natural History, American Museum Novitates No. 2563. 6 pp.

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**Andrewartha, Herbert G., & L. C. Birch, 1954. The Distribution and Abundance of Animals. Chicago & London: Univ. of Chicago Press. 782 pp. A.T.: physiological ecology; animal ecology

*Antonovics, Janis, A. D. Bradshaw, & R. G. Turner, 1971. Heavy metal tolerance in plants. Advances in Ecological Research 7: 1-85. A.T.: plant ecology; plant physiology

Arnold, Stevan J., 1972. Species densities of predators and their prey. American Naturalist 106(948): 220-236. A.T.: latitudinal diversity gradients; sympatric species; snakes

*Ashton, Peter S., 1969. Speciation among tropical forest trees: Some deductions in the light of recent evidence. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 1(1 & 2): 155-196. A.T.: Federov; species diversity

Auclair, Allan N. D., & F. Glenn Goff, 1971. Diversity relations of upland forests in the western Great Lakes area. American Naturalist 105(946): 499-528. A.T.: species diversity; diversity indices

Audley-Charles, Michael G., & Dirk A. Hooijer, 1973. Relation of Pleistocene migrations of pygmy stegodonts to island arc tectonics in eastern Indonesia. Nature 241(5386): 197-198. A.T.: paleogeography; island biogeography

Auffenberg, Walter, & William W. Milstead, 1965. Reptiles in the Quaternary of North America. In Herbert E. Wright, Jr., & David G. Frey, eds., The Quaternary of the United States (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press): 557-568. A.T.: climatic factors

Axelrod, Daniel I. [1910-1998], 1952. A theory of angiosperm evolution. Evolution 6(1): 29-60. A.T.: paleobotany; paleobiogeography; paleoecology

*_____, 1958. Evolution of the Madro-Tertiary geoflora. Botanical Review 24(7): 433-509. A.T.: western North America; phytogeography; paleobiogeography  JSTOR

_____, 1960. The evolution of flowering plants. In Sol Tax, ed., Evolution After Darwin. The University of Chicago Centennial. Vol. I. The Evolution of Life. (Chicago & London: Univ. of Chicago Press): 227-305. A.T.: angiosperms

_____, 1966. Origin of deciduous and evergreen habits in temperate forests. Evolution 20(1): 1-15. A.T.: Cretaceous; Tertiary; paleobiogeography; paleoclimatology; paleobotany

Axelrod, Daniel I., 1967. Quaternary Extinctions of Large Mammals. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences Vol. 74. 42 pp.

_____, 1967. Drought, diastrophism, and quantum evolution. Evolution 21(2): 201-209. A.T.: climatic factors; phytogeography; Cretaceous; paleobiogeography

_____, 1970. Mesozoic paleogeography and early angiosperm history. Botanical Review 36(3): 277-319. A.T.: paleobiogeography; phytogeography  JSTOR

_____, 1973. History of the Mediterranean ecosystem in California. In Francesco di Castri & Harold A. Mooney, eds., Mediterranean Type Ecosystems: Origin and Structure (New York: Springer-Verlag): 225-277.

*_____, 1975. Evolution and biogeography of Madrean-Tethyan sclerophyll vegetation. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62(2): 280-334. A.T.: paleobiogeography; Tertiary

Ayala, Francisco J., 1972. Competition between species. American Scientist 60(3): 348-357. A.T.: competitive exclusion; natural selection; Drosophila

Backhuys, Willem, 1975. Zoogeography and Taxonomy of the Land and Freshwater Molluscs of the Azores. Amsterdam: Backhuys & Meesters. 447 pp.

Baird, Donald E., James H. Dickson, Martin W. Holdgate, & Nigel M. Wace, 1965. The biological report of the Royal Society expedition to Tristan da Cunha, 1962. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 249(759): 257-434. A.T.: natural history; volcanism; island life

*Baker, Herbert G., 1955. Self-compatibility and establishment after "long-distance" dispersal. Evolution 9(3): 347-349. A.T.: Notostraca; colonization

*_____, 1965. Characteristics and modes of origin of weeds. In Herbert G. Baker & George Ledyard Stebbins, eds., The Genetics of Colonizing Species; Proceedings (New York & London: Academic Press): 147-172.

_____, 1970. Evolution in the tropics. Biotropica 2(2): 101-111. A.T.: biodiversity; plants; seeds; latitudinal diversity gradients

*_____, 1974. The evolution of weeds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5: 1-24. A.T.: anthropogenic factors; introduced species; bioinvasions

*Baker, Herbert G., & George Ledyard Stebbins, eds., 1965. The Genetics of Colonizing Species; Proceedings. New York & London: Academic Press. 588 pp. A.T.: population biology

Baker, Rollin H., 1951. The avifauna of Micronesia: Its origin, evolution, and distribution. Univ. of Kansas, Museum of Natural History Publications 3(1): 1-359. A.T.: birds; regional biogeography

*Bakken, George S., & David M. Gates, 1975. Heat-transfer analysis of animals: Some implications for field ecology, physiology, and evolution. In David M. Gates & Rudolf B. Schmerl, eds., Perspectives of Biophysical Ecology (New York: Springer-Verlag): 255-290. A.T.: physiological ecology

Baldwin, Paul H., Charles W. Schwartz, & Elizabeth R. Schwartz, 1952. Life history and economic status of the mongoose in Hawaii. Journal of Mammalogy 33(3): 335-356. A.T.: introduced species  JSTOR

Balgooy, M. M. J. van, 1971. Plant-geography of the Pacific. Leyden: Rijksherbarium, Blumea Supplement Vol. 6. 222 pp. A.T.: phanerogams; phytogeography; regional biogeography

Balinsky, Boris I., 1962. Patterns of animal distribution on the African continent (summing-up talk). Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums 2: 299-310.

Ball, E., & Joe Glucksman, 1975. Biological colonization of Motmot, a recently-created tropical island. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 190(1101): 421-442. A.T.: volcanism; New Guinea

*Ball, Ian R., 1975. Nature and formulation of biogeographical hypotheses. Systematic Zoology 24(4): 407-430. A.T.: philosophy of science; hypothesis testing; scientific method

Barbehenn, Kyle R., 1969. Host-parasite relationships and species diversity in mammals: An hypothesis. Biotropica 1(2): 29-35. A.T.: competitive exclusion

Barber, H. N., Herbert E. Dadswell, & H. D. Ingle, 1959. Transport of driftwood from South America to Tasmania and Macquarie Island. Nature 184(4681): 203-204.

Barbour, Clyde D., & James H. Brown, 1974. Fish species diversity in lakes. American Naturalist 108(962): 473-489. A.T.: Africa; North America; environmental factors

Barnard, Peter D. W., 1973. Mesozoic floras. In Norman F. Hughes, ed., Organisms and Continents Through Time: Methods of Assessing Relationships Between Past and Present Biologic Distributions and the Positions of Continents (London: The Palaeontological Association, Special Papers in Palaeontology No. 12): 175-187. A.T.: paleobotany; paleogeography

Barry, T. H., ed., 1962. Proceedings of a Symposium on the Causes and Problems of Animal Distribution with Special Reference to Southern Africa. Grahamstown, South Africa: Cape Provincial Museums & Zoological Society of Southern Africa, Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums Vol. 2. 317 pp.

Bartholomew, George A., 1958. The role of physiology in the distribution of terrestrial vertebrates. In Carl L. Hubbs, ed., Zoogeography (Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science, Publication No. 51): 81-95. A.T.: physiological ecology; environmental factors

Bartholomew, George A., Jr., & William R. Dawson, 1953. Respiratory water loss in some birds of southwestern United States. Physiological Zoology 26(2): 162-166. A.T.: physiological ecology

*Bartholomew, George A., & Vance A. Tucker, 1964. Size, body temperature, thermal conductance, oxygen consumption, and heart rate in Australian varanid lizards. Physiological Zoology 37(4): 341-354. A.T.: physiological ecology

Batten, L.A., 1972. Breeding bird species diversity in relation to increasing urbanisation. Bird Study 19(3): 157-166. A.T.: anthropogenic factors

*Battistini, René, & G. Richard-Vindard, eds., 1972. Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar. The Hague: W. Junk, Monographiae Biologicae Vol. 21. 765 pp.

Bazzaz, Fakhri A., 1975. Plant species diversity in old-field successional ecosystems in southern Illinois. Ecology 56(2): 485-488. A.T.: community ecology

*Beadle, Noel C. W., 1966. Soil phosphate and its role in molding segments of the Australian flora and vegetation, with special reference to xeromorphy and sclerophylly. Ecology 47(6): 992-1007. A.T.: angiosperms; regional biogeography; climatic factors

Beals, Edward W., 1969. Vegetational change along altitudinal gradients. Science 165: 981-985. A.T.: Ethiopia; community ecology; altitudinal zonation; competition

Beatley, Janice C., 1974. Effects of rainfall and temperature on the distribution and behavior of Larrea tridentata (Creosote-bush) in the Mojave desert of Nevada. Ecology 55(2): 245-261. A.T.: climatic factors; ecological biogeography

Beaufort, Lieven F. de, 1951. Zoogeography of the Land and Inland Waters. London: Sidgwick and Jackson. 208 pp.

Beck, Alan M., 1973. The Ecology of Stray Dogs; A Study of Free-ranging Urban Animals. Baltimore: York Press. 98 pp. A.T.: urban biogeography

Beirne, Bryan P. [1918-1998], 1952. The Origin and History of the British Fauna. London: Methuen. 164 pp. A.T.: regional faunas; regional biogeography

_____, 1975. Biological control attempts by introductions against pest insects in the field in Canada. Canadian Entomologist 107(3): 225-236. A.T.: economic entomology

Bendell, J. F., 1974. Effects of fire on birds and mammals. In Theodore T. Kozlowski & Clifford E. Ahlgren, eds., Fire and Ecosystems (New York: Academic Press): 73-138. A.T.: environmental factors; community ecology

Bennett, Charles F., Jr., 1968. Human Influences on the Zoogeography of Panama. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, Ibero-Americana Vol. 51. 112 pp. A.T.: anthropogenic factors

Berger, Wolfgang H., & Frances L. Parker, 1970. Diversity of planktonic foraminifera in deep-sea sediments. Science 168: 1345-1347. A.T.: species diversity; compound diversity; species dominance

*Berggren, William A., 1972. A Cenozoic time-scale--some implications for regional geology and paleobiogeography. Lethaia 5(2): 195-215. A.T.: paleoceanography

*Berggren, William A., & Charles D. Hollister, 1974. Paleogeography, paleobiogeography and the history of circulation in the Atlantic Ocean. In William W. Hay, ed., Studies in Paleo-oceanography (Tulsa: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 20): 126-186. A.T.: ocean currents

Berry, R. J., 1964. The evolution of an island population of the house mouse. Evolution 18(3): 468-483. A.T.: United Kingdom; island biogeography; Founder principle; Mus

Berry, R. J., & F. E. N. Rose, 1975. Islands and the evolution of Microtus arvalis (Microtinae). Journal of Zoology 177(3): 395-409. A.T.: Orkney; Guernsey; voles; relicts

Berry, William B. N., & Arthur J. Boucot, 1973. Glacio-eustatic control of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian platform sedimentation and faunal changes. Geological Society of America Bull. 84(1): 275-283. A.T.: paleoecology; sea level change; glaciation

Bigalke, Rudolph C. H., 1968. Evolution of mammals on southern continents. III. The contemporary mammal fauna of Africa. Quarterly Review of Biology 43(3): 265-300. A.T.: regional faunas; regional biogeography

Billings, W. Dwight [1910-1997], 1973. Arctic and alpine vegetations: Similarities, differences, and susceptibility to disturbance. BioScience 23(12): 697-704. A.T.: latitudinal gradients; altitudinal gradients

Billings, W. Dwight, & L. C. Bliss, 1959. An alpine snowbank environment and its effect on vegetation, plant development, and productivity. Ecology 40(3): 388-397.

*Billings, W. Dwight, & Harold A. Mooney, 1968. The ecology of arctic and alpine plants. Biological Reviews 43(4): 481-529. A.T.: tundra; physiological ecology; adaptations

Birch, L. C., 1957. The role of weather in determining the distribution and abundance of animals. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 22: 203-218.

*Bishop, Walter W., & J. Desmond Clark, eds., 1967. Background to Evolution in Africa. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. 935 pp. A.T.: paleontology; Tertiary; Quaternary

Black, Francis L., 1966. Measles endemicity in insular populations: Critical community size and its evolutionary implication. Journal of Theoretical Biology 11: 207-211. A.T.: population biology; epidemiology; island life

Blackburn, Maurice, R. M. Laurs, R. W. Owen, & B. Zeitzschel, 1970. Seasonal and areal changes in standing stocks of phytoplankton, zooplankton and micronekton in the eastern tropical Pacific. Marine Biology 7(1): 14-31. A.T.: chlorophyll; crustaceans

Blackett, Patrick M. S., Edward C. Bullard, & Stanley K. Runcorn, organizers, 1965. A Symposium on Continental Drift. London: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A 258(1088). 323 pp.

Blair, W. Frank, 1958. Distributional patterns of vertebrates in the southern United States in relation to past and present environments. In Carl L. Hubbs, ed., Zoogeography (Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science, Publication No. 51): 433-468. A.T.: climatic change; glacial epoch; barriers

_____, 1965. Amphibian speciation. In Herbert E. Wright, Jr., & David G. Frey, eds., The Quaternary of the United States (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press): 543-556.

_____, 1972. Evolution in the Genus Bufo. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press. 459 pp.

Blanc, Charles-P., 1972. Les reptiles de Madagascar et des îles voisines. In René Battistini & G. Richard-Vindard, eds., Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar (The Hague: W. Junk, Monographiae Biologicae Vol. 21): 501-614.

Bleakney, J. Sherman, 1958. A Zoogeographical Study of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Eastern Canada. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada, Bull. No. 155 (Biological Series, No. 54). 119 pp. A.T.: regional biogeography

*Boer, P. J. den, 1970. On the significance of dispersal power for populations of carabid-beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Oecologia 4: 1-28. A.T.: Netherlands; flightlessness; survival rates; extinction  JSTOR

Bökönyi, Sándor, 1974. History of Domestic Mammals in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. 596 pp. A.T.: animal remains; archaeology; zooarchaeology

Bond, James, 1961 (1st American ed.). Birds of the West Indies. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 256 pp. (2nd ed.: 1971)

*Boucot, Arthur J., 1975. Evolution and Extinction Rate Controls. Amsterdam & New York: Elsevier. 427 pp. A.T.: paleobiogeography; environmental factors; brachiopods

Bourlière, François, 1973. The comparative ecology of rain forest mammals in Africa and tropical America: Some introductory remarks. In Betty J. Meggers et al., eds., 1973. Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America: A Comparative Review (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press): 279-292.

Bousfield, E. L., & M. L. H. Thomas, 1975. Postglacial changes in the distributions of littoral marine invertebrates in the Canadian Atlantic region. In James G. Ogden III & M. J. Harvey, eds., Environmental Change in the Maritimes: A Symposium (Halifax: Nova Scotian Institute of Science, Proceedings Vol. 27, Supplement 3): 47-60.

Bowman, Robert I., ed., 1966. The Galápagos; Proceedings of the Symposia of the Galápagos International Scientific Project. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. 318 pp.

Bramlette, Milton N., 1965. Massive extinctions in biota at the end of Mesozoic time. Science 148: 1696-1699. A.T.: marine plankton; marine extinctions

Bramwell, David, 1972. Endemism in the flora of the Canary Islands. In David H. Valentine, ed., Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Evolution (London & New York: Academic Press): 141-159.

Brattstrom, Bayard H., 1961. Some new fossil tortoises from western North America with remarks on the zoogeography and paleoecology of tortoises. Journal of Paleontology 35(3): 543-560. A.T.: paleoclimatology  JSTOR

Braun, E. Lucy [1889-1971], 1955. The phytogeography of unglaciated eastern United States and its interpretation. Botanical Review 21(6): 297-375. A.T.: relicts; glaciation; paleobiogeography; regional floras  JSTOR

Briggs, John C., 1960. Fishes of worldwide (circumtropical) distribution. Copeia (3): 171-180. A.T.: geographical distribution; zoogeography

_____, 1961. The East Pacific Barrier and the distribution of marine shore fishes. Evolution 15(4): 545-554. A.T.: barriers; centers of origin

_____, 1966. Oceanic islands, endemism, and marine paleotemperatures. Systematic Zoology 15(2): 153-163. A.T.: surface temperatures; Pleistocene; paleoceanography

_____, 1966. Zoogeography and evolution. Evolution 20(3): 282-289. A.T.: speciation; dispersal; ecological stability

_____, 1970. A faunal history of the North Atlantic Ocean. Systematic Zoology 19(1): 19-34. A.T.: paleobiogeography; Pleistocene

**_____, 1974. Marine Zoogeography. New York: McGraw-Hill. 475 pp.

_____, 1974. Operation of zoogeographic barriers. Systematic Zoology 23(2): 248-256. A.T.: centers of origin

Brock, Thomas D., 1973. Primary colonization of Surtsey, with special reference to the blue-green algae. Oikos 24(2): 239-243. A.T.: volcanoes

Brodo, Irwin M., 1973. Substrate ecology. In Vernon Ahmadjian & Mason E. Hale, eds., The Lichens (New York & London: Academic Press): 401-441.

Brodrick, A. Houghton, ed., 1972. Animals in Archaeology. New York: Praeger. 180 pp. A.T.: animals in art; cultural biogeography; domestication

*Brooks, John Langdon, & Stanley I. Dodson, 1965. Predation, body size, and composition of plankton. Science 150(3692): 28-35. A.T.: lakes; competition; zooplankton

*Brown, James H., 1971. Mammals on mountaintops: Nonequilibrium insular biogeography. American Naturalist 105(945): 467-478. A.T.: Great Basin; island biogeography; species-area relationship; relicts; isolation

*_____, 1975. Geographical ecology of desert rodents. In Martin L. Cody & Jared M. Diamond, eds., Ecology and Evolution of Communities (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press): 315-341. A.T.: Southwest; body size; resource utilization

Brown, James H., & C. Robert Feldmeth, 1971. Evolution in constant and fluctuating environments: Thermal tolerances of desert pupfish (Cyprinodon). Evolution 25(2): 390-398. A.T.: springs; environmental factors

Brown, James H., & Anthony K. Lee, 1969. Bergmann's Rule and climatic adaptation in woodrats (Neotoma). Evolution 23(2): 329-338. A.T.: ecogeographic rules; physiological ecology; body size; United States

Brown, James H., Gerald A. Lieberman, & William F. Dengler, 1972. Woodrats and cholla: Dependence of a small mammal population on the density of cacti. Ecology 53(2): 310-313. A.T.: Southern California; cacti

*Brown, Jerram L., & Gordon H. Orians, 1970. Spacing patterns in mobile animals. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1: 239-262. A.T.: dispersion; animal ecology

Brown, Keith S., Jr., Philip M. Sheppard, & John R. G. Turner, 1974. Quaternary refugia in tropical America: Evidence from race formation in Heliconius butterflies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 187(1088): 369-378. A.T.: mimicry; isolation; South America

Brown, Walter C., & Angel C. Alcala, 1970. The zoogeography of the herpetofauna of the Philippine Islands, a fringing archipelago. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 38(6) (4th ser.): 105-130. A.T.: regional faunas

Brown, William L., Jr., 1957. Centrifugal speciation. Quarterly Review of Biology 32(3): 247-277. A.T.: geographic isolation; evolution; colonization

Brown, William L., Jr., 1973. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. In Betty J. Meggers et al., eds., Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America: A Comparative Review (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press): 161-185.

*Brown, William L., Jr., & Edward O. Wilson, 1956. Character displacement. Systematic Zoology 5(2): 49-64. A.T.: allopatry; sympatry

Brubaker, Linda B., 1975. Postglacial forest patterns associated with till and outwash in north-central Upper Michigan. Quaternary Research 5(4): 499-527.

Brundin, Lars, 1965. On the real nature of transantarctic relationships. Evolution 19(4): 496-505. A.T.: continental drift; chironomid midges; paleobiogeography

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_____, 1967. Insects and the problem of austral disjunctive distribution. Annual Review of Entomology 12: 149-168. A.T.: chironomid midges; centers of evolution; paleogeography; bipolar distribution

_____, 1972. Evolution, causal biology, and classification. Zoologica Scripta 1(3-4): 107-120. A.T.: philosophy of biology; methodology

_____, 1972. Phylogenetics and biogeography. Systematic Zoology 21(1): 69-79. A.T.: speciation; sister groups

Bruun, Anton F., 1956. The abyssal fauna: Its ecology, distribution and origin. Nature 177(4520): 1105-1108. A.T.: benthos; vertical distribution

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Bryson, Reid A., David A. Baerreis, & Wayne M. Wendland, 1970. The character of late-glacial and post-glacial climatic changes. In Wakefield Dort, Jr., & J. Knox Jones, Jr., eds., Pleistocene and Recent Environments of the Central Great Plains (Lawrence, KS: Univ. of Kansas Dept. of Geology, Special Publication 3): 53-74. A.T.: radiocarbon dating; paleoecology; paleoclimatology

Bryson, Reid A., William N. Irving, & James A. Larsen, 1965. Radiocarbon and soil evidence of former forest in the southern Canadian tundra. Science 147(3653): 46-48. A.T.: paleoclimatology; Holocene; climatic change; tree line

Budyko, Mikhail I., 1967. On the causes of the extinction of some animals at the end of the Pleistocene. Soviet Geography: Review and Translation 8(10): 783-793. A.T.: anthropogenic factors; mathematical models; megafauna

*_____. Climate and Life (English ed. edited by David H. Miller), 1974. New York: Academic Press. 508 pp. A.T.: bioclimatology; microclimate; paleoclimatology

*Burbidge, Nancy T., 1960. The phytogeography of the Australian region. Australian Journal of Botany 8(2): 75-211. A.T.: regional biogeography

*Bush, Guy L., 1969. Sympatric host race formation and speciation in frugivorous flies of the genus Rhagoletis (Diptera, Tephritidae). Evolution 23(2): 237-251. A.T.: isolation; evolution; gene flow

Buzas, Martin A., 1967. An application of canonical analysis as a method for comparing faunal areas. Journal of Animal Ecology 36(3): 563-577. A.T.: quantitative methods; foraminifera; Gulf of Mexico

_____, 1972. Patterns of species diversity and their explanation. Taxon 21(2/3): 275-286. A.T.: biodiversity  JSTOR

Buzas, Martin A., & Thomas G. Gibson, 1969. Species diversity: Benthonic Foraminifera in western North Atlantic. Science 163: 72-75. A.T.: abyssal faunas; North Atlantic

Cabrera, Angel L., 1957, 1961. Catálogo de los Mamíferos de América del Sur. Revista (Zool.) del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'Bernadino Rivadavia', Buenos Aires 4(1-2). 732 pp. A.T.: mammals; South America

Cabrera, Angel L., & Abraham Willink, 1973. Biogeografía de América Latina. Washington, D.C.: Secretaría General de la Organización de los Estados Americanos, Serie de Biología, Monografía No. 13. 120 pp.

Cain, Stanley A. [1902-1995], & G. M. de Oliveira Castro, 1959. Manual of Vegetation Analysis. New York: Harper & Brothers. 325 pp. A.T.: phytosociology; plant communities

Cairns, John, Jr., Michael L. Dahlberg, Kenneth L. Dickson, Nancy Smith, & William T. Waller, 1969. The relationship of fresh-water protozoan communities to the MacArthur-Wilson equilibrium model. American Naturalist 103(933): 439-454. A.T.: Michigan; colonization; extinction rates

Carcasson, Robert H., 1964. A preliminary survey of the zoogeography of African butterflies. East African Wildlife Journal 2: 122-157.

*Carlquist, Sherwin, 1965. Island Life; A Natural History of the Islands of the World. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press. 451 pp.

_____, 1966. The biota of long-distance dispersal. I. Principles of dispersal and evolution. Quarterly Review of Biology 41(3): 247-270. A.T.: oceanic islands; waif dispersal; colonization; island life

_____, 1966. The biota of long-distance dispersal. II. Loss of dispersibility in Pacific Compositae. Evolution 20(1): 30-48. A.T.: seed dispersal; island life

_____, 1966. The biota of long-distance dispersal. III. Loss of dispersibility in the Hawaiian flora. Brittonia 18(4): 310-335. A.T.: evolution; dispersal; island life

_____, 1966. The biota of long-distance dispersal. IV. Genetic systems in the floras of ocean islands. Evolution 20(4): 433-455. A.T.: Hawaii; outcrossing; adaptive radiation

_____, 1967. The biota of long-distance dispersal. V. Plant dispersal to Pacific islands. Bull. of the Torrey Botanical Club 94(3): 129-162. A.T.: seed dispersal; birds; island biogeography

_____, 1970. Hawaii: A Natural History; Geology, Climate, Native Flora and Fauna above the Shoreline. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press. 463 pp. A.T.: island life

*_____, 1974. Island Biology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. 660 pp.

Carr, Archie, 1965. The navigation of the green turtle. Scientific American 212(5): 78-86. A.T.: animal behavior

Carr, Archie, & Patrick J. Coleman, 1974. Seafloor spreading theory and the odyssey of the green turtle. Nature 249(5453): 128-130. A.T.: continental drift; animal behavior; Atlantic Ocean

Carrick, Robert, Martin W. Holdgate, & Jean Prévost, eds., 1964. Biologie Antarctique; Comptes-Rendus. Paris: Hermann. 651 pp.

Case, Ted J., 1975. Species numbers, density compensation, and colonizing ability of lizards on islands in the Gulf of California. Ecology 56(1): 3-18. A.T.: island biogeography; quantitative analysis

Chabot, Brian F., & W. Dwight Billings, 1972. Origins and ecology of the Sierran alpine flora and vegetation. Ecological Monographs 42(2): 163-199. A.T.: Sierra Nevada; environmental factors; phytogeography

Chaloner, William G., & William S. Lacey, 1973. The distribution of Late Palaeozoic floras. In Norman F. Hughes, ed., Organisms and Continents Through Time: Methods of Assessing Relationships between Past and Present Biologic Distributions and the Positions of Continents (London: The Palaeontological Association, Special Papers in Palaeontology No. 12): 271-289. A.T.: paleobotany

Chaloner, William G., & Sergei V. Meyen, 1973. Carboniferous and Permian floras of the northern continents. In Anthony Hallam, ed., Atlas of Palaeobiogeography (Amsterdam & New York: Elsevier Scientific): 169-186.

*Charlesworth, John K., 1957. The Quaternary Era, With Special Reference to Its Glaciation. London: Edward Arnold. 2 vols. A.T.: glacial epoch

Cheetham, Alan H., 1963. Late Eocene Zoogeography of the Eastern Gulf Coast Region. New York: Geological Society of America Memoir 91. 113 pp. A.T.: bryozoans; paleobiogeography

*Cheetham, Alan H., & Joseph E. Hazel, 1969. Binary (presence-absence) similarity coefficients. Journal of Paleontology 43(5): 1130-1136. A.T.: similarity measures  JSTOR

Choate, Jerry R., 1970. Systematics and zoogeography of Middle American shrews of the genus Cryptotis. Univ. of Kansas, Museum of Natural History Publications 19(3): 195-317. A.T.: Soricidae

*Christie, W. J., 1974. Changes in the fish species composition of the Great Lakes. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31(5): 827-854. A.T.: sea lamprey; environmental factors

Cifelli, Richard, 1969. Radiation of Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera. Systematic Zoology 18(2): 154-168. A.T.: historical biogeography

Cisne John L., 1974. Evolution of the world fauna of aquatic free-living arthropods. Evolution 28(3): 337-366. A.T.: logistic growth; diversification

Clark, Colin W., 1973. The economics of overexploitation. Science 181: 630-634. A.T.: renewable resources; sustainable yields; commons

Clark, J. Desmond, 1970. The Prehistory of Africa. New York: Praeger; London: Thames & Hudson. 302 pp. A.T.: cultural biogeography; human evolution; social evolution

Clarke, Arthur H., Jr., 1962. On the composition, zoogeography, origin and age of the deep-sea mollusk fauna. Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts 9(4): 291-306.

Clausen, Jens [1891-1969], 1951. Stages in the Evolution of Plant Species. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press. 206 pp.

Clemens, William A., 1968. Origin and early evolution of marsupials. Evolution 22(1): 1-18. A.T.: historical biogeography; didelphids

Cloud, Preston, Jr., 1974. Evolution of ecosystems. American Scientist 62(1): 54-66. A.T.: ecological evolution

Coates, Anthony G., 1973. Cretaceous Tethyan coral-rudist biogeography related to the evolution of the Atlantic Ocean. In Norman F. Hughes, ed., Organisms and Continents Through Time: Methods of Assessing Relationships between Past and Present Biologic Distributions and the Positions of Continents (London: The Palaeontological Association, Special Papers in Palaeontology No. 12): 169-174.

Cockayne, Leonard, 1958 (3rd [reprint] ed.). The Vegetation of New Zealand. New York: Hafner; Weinheim: Engelmann. 456 pp. A.T.: regional floras

Cody, Martin L., 1966. The consistency of intra- and inter-continental grassland bird species counts. American Naturalist 100(913): 371-376. A.T.: field methods; censuses

*_____, 1975. Towards a theory of continental species diversities: Bird distributions over Mediterranean habitat gradients. In Martin L. Cody & Jared M. Diamond, eds., Ecology and Evolution of Communities (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press): 214-257. A.T.: alpha & beta diversity; species-area curves

**Cody, Martin L., & Jared M. Diamond, eds., 1975. Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press. 545 pp. A.T.: evolutionary ecology; community evolution

Coe, Malcolm J., 1967. The Ecology of the Alpine Zone of Mount Kenya. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk, Monographiae Biologicae Vol. 17. 136 pp.

_____, 1969. Microclimate and animal life in the equatorial mountains. Zoologica Africana 4(2): 101-128.

Coe, Wesley R. [1869-1960], 1956. Fluctuations in populations of littoral marine invertebrates. Journal of Marine Research 15(3): 212-232.

Cohen, Joel E., 1968. Alternate derivations of a species-abundance relation. American Naturalist 102(924): 165-172. A.T.: broken stick model; balls and boxes model; exponential model; mathematical models

*Colbert, Edwin H., 1955. Evolution of the Vertebrates; A History of the Backboned Animals Through Time. New York: Wiley. 479 pp. (2nd ed.: 1969)

_____, 1965. The Age of Reptiles. New York: W.W. Norton. 228 pp. A.T.: dinosaurs; Mesozoic

_____, 1973. Continental drift and the distributions of fossil reptiles. In Donald H. Tarling & S. K. Runcorn, eds., Implications of Continental Drift to the Earth Sciences (London & New York: Academic Press), Vol. 1: 395-412.

_____, 1973. Wandering Lands and Animals. New York: E. P. Dutton. 323 pp. A.T.: continental drift; paleobiogeography

Colinvaux, Paul A., 1964. The environment of the Bering land bridge. Ecological Monographs 34(3): 297-329. A.T.: pollen; Pleistocene; paleoecology; Beringia

Colom Casasnovas, Guillermo, 1957. Biogeografía de las Baleares; La Formación de las Islas y el Origen de su Flora y de su Fauna. Palma de Mallorca: Estudio General Luliano de Mallorca, Serie Científica No. 1. 568 pp.

*Connell, Joseph H., 1961. The influence of interspecific competition and other factors on the distribution of the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus. Ecology 42(4): 710-723. A.T.: competition for space; survival rates; environmental factors; predation

*_____, 1975. Some mechanisms producing structure in natural communities: A model and evidence from field experiences. In Martin L. Cody & Jared M. Diamond, eds., Ecology and Evolution of Communities (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press): 460-490. A.T.: predation; competition

*Connell, Joseph H., & Eduardo Orias, 1964. The ecological regulation of species diversity. American Naturalist 98(903): 399-414. A.T.: stability; ecological models; productivity

Constance, Lincoln, 1963. Amphitropical relationships in the herbaceous flora of the Pacific Coast of North and South America: A symposium. Introduction and historical review. Quarterly Review of Biology 38(2): 109-116. A.T.: disjunct distribution patterns; dispersal

Cook, Robert E., 1969. Variation in species density of North American birds. Systematic Zoology 18(1): 63-84. A.T.: areography; regional faunas

Cooke, H. B. S., 1968. Evolution of mammals on southern continents. II. The fossil mammal fauna of Africa. Quarterly Review of Biology 43(3): 234-264. A.T.: paleobiogeography; regional faunas; regional biogeography

Coomans, Henry E., 1962. The marine mollusk fauna of the Virginia area as a basis for defining zoogeographical provinces. Beaufortia 9: 83-104.

Corbet, Gordon B., 1961. Origin of the British insular races of small mammals and of the 'Lusitanian' fauna. Nature 191(4793): 1037-1040. A.T.: relicts; introduced species

Corner, Eldred J. H., organizer, 1969. A discussion on the results of the Royal Society expedition to the British Solomon Islands Protectorate, 1965. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 255(800): 185-628. A.T.: island life; island biogeography; regional biogeography

Corner, Eldred J. H., & Kenneth E. Lee, organizers, 1975. A discussion on the results of the 1971 Royal Society-Percy Sladen expedition to the New Hebrides. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 272(918): 267-486. A.T.: island life; island biogeography; regional biogeography

Cornwall, Ian W., 1964. The World of Ancient Man. New York: John Day. 271 pp. A.T.: cultural biogeography; Quaternary; physical geography

Couper, R. A., 1960. Southern hemisphere Mesozoic and Tertiary Podocarpaceae and Fagaceae and their palaeogeographic significance. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 152(949): 491-500. A.T.: paleobiogeography; Nothofagus; land bridge theory

Courtenay, Walter R., Jr., & C. Richard Robins, 1975. Exotic organisms: An unsolved, complex problem. BioScience 25(5): 306-313. A.T.: introduced species; bioinvasions

Cox, C. Barry, 1974. Vertebrate palaeodistributional patterns and continental drift. Journal of Biogeography 1(2): 75-94. A.T.: paleobiogeography; paleogeography

*Cox, C. Barry, Ian N. Healey, & Peter D. Moore, 1973. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific; New York: Wiley. 179 pp.

Cox, George W., 1968. The role of competition in the evolution of migration. Evolution 22(1): 180-192. A.T.: birds; North America; beak size

Cracraft, Joel, 1973. Continental drift, paleoclimatology, and the evolution and biogeography of birds. Journal of Zoology 169(4): 455-545. A.T.: paleogeography; historical biogeography; ornithogeography

_____, 1974. Continental drift and vertebrate distribution. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5: 215-261. A.T.: paleobiogeography; historical biogeography

*_____, 1974. Phylogeny and evolution of the ratite birds. Ibis 116(4): 494-521. A.T.: phylogenetics; zoogeography

_____, 1975. Historical biogeography and earth history: Perspectives for a future synthesis. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62(2): 227-250. A.T.: phylogenetic systematics

1971. Cretaceous biogeography. In Ellis L. Yochelson, ed., Proceedings of the North American Paleontological Convention (Lawrence, KS: Allen Press), Part L: 1563-1674. A.T.: paleobiogeography

Critchfield, William B., & Elbert L. Little, Jr., 1966. Geographic Distribution of the Pines of the World. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication No. 991. 97 pp.

Croizat, León [1894-1982], 1952. Manual of Phytogeography; or, An Account of Plant-dispersal Throughout the World. The Hague: W. Junk. 587 pp.

**_____, 1958. Panbiogeography, or, An Introductory Synthesis of Zoogeography, Phytogeography, and Geology: With Notes on Evolution, Systematics, Ecology, Anthropology, etc. Caracas (published by author). 2 vols. in 3.

*_____, 1962. Space, Time, Form: The Biological Synthesis. Caracas (published by author). 881 pp.

*Croizat, León, Gareth Nelson, & Donn E. Rosen, 1974. Centers of origin and related concepts. Systematic Zoology 23(2): 265-287. A.T.: generalized tracks; dispersalism; panbiogeography; evolution

*Cronquist, Arthur, 1968. The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants. Boston: Houghton Mifflin; London: Nelson. 396 pp.

Cronquist, Arthur, Arthur H. Holmgren, Noel H. Holmgren, & James L. Reveal, 1972. Intermountain Flora: Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Vol. 1. Geological and Botanical History of the Region, Its Plant Geography and a Glossary. The Vascular Cryptogams and the Gymnosperms. New York: Hafner Publishing Co. 270 pp.

**Crosby, Alfred W., Jr., 1972. The Columbian Exchange; Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 268 pp.

Crosby, Gilbert T., 1972. Spread of the cattle egret in the Western Hemisphere. Bird Banding 43(3): 205-212. A.T.: dispersal; range change  JSTOR

Crowell, Kenneth L., 1973. Experimental zoogeography: Introductions of mice to small islands. American Naturalist 107(956): 535-558. A.T.: island biogeography; Gulf of Maine

Cruden, Robert W., 1966. Birds as agents of long-distance dispersal for disjunct plant groups of the temperate Western Hemisphere. Evolution 20(4): 517-532. A.T.: seeds; mountain hopping

Crump, Martha L., 1971. Quantitative Analysis of the Ecological Distribution of a Tropical Herpetofauna. Lawrence, KS: Univ. of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Occasional Papers No. 3. 62 pp.

Culver, David C., 1970. Analysis of simple cave communities. I. Caves as islands. Evolution 24(2): 463-474. A.T.: island biogeography; West Virginia

Culver, David C., John R. Holsinger, & Roger Baroody, 1973. Toward a predictive cave biogeography: The Greenbrier Valley as a case study. Evolution 27(4): 689-695. A.T.: West Virginia; immigration rates; extinction rates

Curtis, John T. [1913-1961], 1956. The modification of mid-latitude grasslands and forests by man. In William L. Thomas, ed., Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press): 721-736.

*Curtis, John T., & Robert P. McIntosh, 1950. The interrelations of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological characters. Ecology 31(3): 434-455. A.T.: quadrat analysis; biostatistics; statistical methods

*_____, 1951. An upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin. Ecology 32(3): 476-496. A.T.: floristics; continuum index

*Cushing, Edward J., & Herbert E. Wright, Jr., eds., 1967. Quaternary Paleoecology. New Haven & London: Yale Univ. Press, Proceedings of the VII Congress of the International Association for Quaternary Research, Vol. 7. 433 pp. A.T.: glacial epoch

Dadswell, Michael J., 1974. Distribution, Ecology, and Postglacial Dispersal of Certain Crustaceans and Fishes in Eastern North America. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, Publications in Zoology No. 11. 110 pp. A.T.: freshwater

Dahl, Eilif [1916-1993], 1951. On the relation between summer temperature and the distribution of alpine vascular plants in the lowlands of Fennoscandia. Oikos 3(1): 22-52.

_____, 1952. Some aspects of the ecology and zonation of the fauna on sandy beaches. Oikos 4(1): 1-27.  JSTOR

Dana, Thomas F., 1975. Development of contemporary Eastern Pacific coral reefs. Marine Biology 33(4): 355-374. A.T.: regional biogeography; regional faunas; salinity; temperature

Dansereau, Pierre M., 1951. The scope of biogeography and its integrative levels. Revue Canadienne de Biologie 10(1): 8-32. A.T.: philosophy of biogeography

_____, 1957. Biogeography; An Ecological Perspective. New York: Ronald Press. 394 pp.

**Darlington, Philip J., Jr. [1904-1983], 1957. Zoogeography: The Geographical Distribution of Animals. New York: Wiley. 675 pp.

_____, 1959. Area, climate, and evolution. Evolution 13(4): 488-510. A.T.: dominant animals

_____, 1959. Darwin and zoogeography. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 103(2): 307-319.  JSTOR

_____, 1965. Biogeography of the Southern End of the World; Distribution and History of Far-southern Life and Land, With an Assessment of Continental Drift. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press. 236 pp.

_____, 1970. Carabidae on tropical islands, especially the West Indies. Biotropica 2(1): 7-15. A.T.: dispersal; Greater Antilles; wing atrophy; island life

_____, 1970. A practical criticism of Hennig-Brundin "phylogenetic systematics" and Antarctic biogeography. Systematic Zoology 19(1): 1-18. A.T.: chironomids; cladism; paleobiogeography

_____, 1971. The carabid beetles of New Guinea. Part IV. General considerations; analysis and history of fauna; taxonomic supplement. Bull. of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 142(2): 129-337. A.T.: regional faunas; zoogeography; regional biogeography

Dary, David A., 1974. The Buffalo Book; The Full Saga of the American Animal. Chicago: Sage Press. 374 pp.

Daubenmire, Rexford F. [1909-1995], 1954. Alpine timberlines in the Americas and their interpretation. Butler Univ. Botanical Studies 11: 119-136. A.T.: environmental factors; climatic factors; vegetation

_____, 1968. Soil moisture in relation to vegetation distribution in the mountains of northern Idaho. Ecology 49(3): 431-438. A.T.: slope aspect; environmental factors; altitudinal zonation

*_____, 1968. Plant Communities. A Textbook of Plant Synecology. New York: Harper & Row. 300 pp. A.T.: community ecology; phytogeography; plant succession

Davies, John L., 1958. Pleistocene geography and the distribution of northern pinnipeds. Ecology 39(1): 97-113. A.T.: Arctic; paleogeography

_____, 1958. The Pinnipedia: An essay in zoogeography. Geographical Review 48(4): 474-493. A.T.: evolution; seals; sea lions; walruses

_____, 1961. Aim and method in zoogeography. Geographical Review 51(3): 412-417.

_____, 1963. The antitropical factor in cetacean speciation. Evolution 17(1): 107-116. A.T.: Pleistocene; ocean temperatures

Davis, David H. S., 1962. Distribution patterns of Southern African Muridae, with notes on some of their fossil antecedents. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums 2: 56-76. A.T.: regional faunas

_____, ed., 1964. Ecological Studies in Southern Africa. The Hague: W. Junk, Monographiae Biologicae Vol. 14. 415 pp. A.T.: geographical ecology

Davis, William K., 1974. The Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus in Texas. Journal of Herpetology 8(1): 77-80.  JSTOR

Dawson, William R., 1967. Interspecific variation in physiological responses of lizards to temperature. In William W. Milstead, ed., Lizard Ecology; A Symposium (Columbia, MO: Univ. of Missouri Press): 230-257. A.T.: body temperature; physiological ecology

De Schauensee, Rodolphe M., & Eugene Eisenmann, 1966. The Species of Birds of South America and Their Distribution. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences. 577 pp. A.T.: regional faunas

DeBach, Paul, 1965. Some biological and ecological phenomena associated with colonizing entomophagous insects. In Herbert G. Baker & George Ledyard Stebbins, eds., The Genetics of Colonizing Species; Proceedings (New York & London: Academic Press): 287-306.

DeBenedictis, Paul A., 1973. On the correlations between certain diversity indices. American Naturalist 107(954): 295-302. A.T.: species richness; diversity measures

*Deevey, Edward S. [1914-1988], & Richard F. Flint, 1957. Postglacial hypsithermal interval. Science 125(3240): 182-184. A.T.: paleotemperatures; pollen analysis

DeWitt, Calvin B., 1967. Precision of thermoregulation and its relation to environmental factors in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Physiological Zoology 40(1): 49-66. A.T.: body temperature; physiological ecology

*Diamond, Jared M., 1969. Avifaunal equilibria and species turnover rates on the Channel Islands of California. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 64(1): 57-63. A.T.: equilibrium theory; island biogeography

_____, 1970. Ecological consequences of island colonization by Southwest Pacific birds, II. The effect of species diversity on total population density. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 67(4): 1715-1721. A.T.: island biogeography

_____, 1971. Comparison of faunal equilibrium turnover rates on a tropical island and a temperate island. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 68(11): 2742-2745. A.T.: island biogeography; Channel Islands; colonization

*_____, 1972. Biogeographic kinetics: Estimation of relaxation times for avifaunas of southwest Pacific islands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 69(11): 3199-3203. A.T.: island biogeography; New Guinea; equilibrium theory

*_____, 1973. Distributional ecology of New Guinea birds. Science 179: 759-769. A.T.: island biogeography; equilibrium theory; niche relations

*_____, 1974. Colonization of exploded volcanic islands by birds: The supertramp strategy. Science 184: 803-806. A.T.: equilibrium theory; island biogeography

**_____, 1975. Assembly of species communities. In Martin L. Cody & Jared M. Diamond, eds., Ecology and Evolution of Communities (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press): 342-444. A.T.: New Guinea; birds; supertramp strategy; dispersal; island biogeography

*_____, 1975. The island dilemma: Lessons of modern biogeographic studies for the design of natural reserves. Biological Conservation 7(2): 129-146. A.T.: reserve design; extinction rates; island biogeography

Dice, Lee R. [1887-1977], 1952. Natural Communities. Ann Arbor, MI: Univ. of Michigan Press. 547 pp.

Dickman, Mike, 1968. Some indices of diversity. Ecology 49(6): 1191-1193. A.T.: community diversity; Shannon-Weaver measure; plankton; trophic levels

Dietz, Robert S., 1961. Continent and ocean basin evolution by spreading of the sea floor. Nature 190(4779): 854-857. A.T.: continental drift

Dietz, Robert S., & John C. Holden, 1970. Reconstruction of Pangaea: Breakup and dispersion of continents, Permian to present. Journal of Geophysical Research 75(26): 4939-4956. A.T.: paleogeography; continental drift

Dilcher, David L., 1973. A paleoclimatic interpretation of the Eocene floras of southeastern North America. In Alan Graham, ed., Vegetation and Vegetational History of Northern Latin America (Amsterdam & New York: Elsevier Scientific): 39-59. A.T.: paleobotany

Dillon, Lawrence S., 1956. Wisconsin climate and life zones in North America. Science 123: 167-176. A.T.: Pleistocene; glacial epoch; paleoclimatology

Dorst, Jean, 1962. The Migrations of Birds (translated by Constance D. Sherman). Houghton-Mifflin, Boston; Heinemann, London. 476 pp.

*Dort, Wakefield, Jr., & J. Knox Jones, eds., 1970. Pleistocene and Recent Environments of the Central Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: Univ. of Kansas Department of Geology, Special Publication 3. 433 pp. A.T.: paleontology; paleoclimatology

Dott, Robert H., Jr., & Roger L. Batten, 1971. Evolution of the Earth. New York: McGraw-Hill. 649 pp. (2nd ed.: 1975) A.T.: paleobiology; paleontology; paleogeography

Doyle, James A., 1969. Cretaceous angiosperm pollen of the Atlantic coastal plain and its evolutionary significance. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 50(1): 1-35. A.T.: paleobotany

Dreimanis, Ansis, 1968. Extinction of mastodons in eastern North America: Testing a new climatic-environmental hypothesis. Ohio Journal of Science 68(6): 257-272. A.T.: Pleistocene; paleoecology

Dressler, Robert L., 1954. Some floristic relationships between Mexico and the United States. Rhodora 56(665): 81-95. A.T.: phytogeography; regional biogeography

Drury, William H., 1974. Rare species. Biological Conservation 6(3): 162-169.

Duellman, William E., 1965. A biogeographic account of the herpetofauna of Michoacán, México. Univ. of Kansas, Museum of Natural History Publications 15(14): 627-709. A.T.: regional biogeography

_____, 1966. The Central American herpetofauna: An ecological perspective. Copeia (4): 700-719. A.T.: regional biogeography; ecological biogeography  JSTOR

*_____, 1970. The Hylid Frogs of Middle America. Lawrence: Univ. of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Monograph No. 1. 2 vols. A.T.: regional faunas; regional biogeography

Dunbar, Maxwell J., 1960. The evolution of stability in marine environments. Natural selection at the level of the ecosystem. American Naturalist 94(875): 129-136. A.T.: oceanic birds

Durham, J. Wyatt, & Edwin C. Allison, 1960. The geologic history of Baja California and its marine faunas. Systematic Zoology 9(2): 47-91. A.T.: historical geology; paleogeography; paleobiogeography; marine invertebrates

Durham, J. Wyatt, & F. Stearns MacNeil, 1967. Cenozoic migrations of marine invertebrates through the Bering Strait region. In David M. Hopkins, ed., The Bering Land Bridge (Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press): 326-349.

Edmunds, George F., Jr., 1972. Biogeography and evolution of Ephemeroptera. Annual Review of Entomology 17: 21-42.

*Egler, Frank E. [1911-1996], 1954. Vegetation science concepts. I. Initial floristic composition, a factor in old-field vegetation development. Vegetatio 4(1): 412-417. A.T.: ecological succession

Ehrlich, Paul R., 1961. Intrinsic barriers to dispersal in checkerspot butterfly. Science 134: 108-109. A.T.: capture-recapture; California

_____, 1964. Some axioms of taxonomy. Systematic Zoology 13(3): 109-123. A.T.: biodiversity; evolution

**Ekman, Sven [1876-1964], 1953. Zoogeography of the Sea. London: Sidgwick and Jackson. 417 pp.

*Eldredge, Niles, & Stephen Jay Gould, 1972. Punctuated equilibria: An alternative to phyletic gradualism. In Thomas J. M. Schopf, ed., Models in Paleobiology (San Francisco: Freeman, Cooper & Co.): 82-115.

Ellerman, John R., & T. C. S. Morrison-Scott, 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals, 1758 to 1946. London: Trustees of the British Museum. 810 pp. (2nd ed.: 1966) A.T.: regional faunas

Elliot, David H., Edwin H. Colbert, William J. Breed, James A. Jensen, & Jon S. Powell, 1970. Triassic tetrapods from Antarctica: Evidence for continental drift. Science 169: 1197-1201. A.T.: Lystrosaurus; paleogeography; paleobiogeography

**Elton, Charles S. [1900-1991], 1958. The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants. New York: Wiley; London: Methuen. 181 pp. A.T.: introduced species; bioinvasions

*_____, 1966. The Pattern of Animal Communities. New York: Wiley; London: Methuen. 432 pp. A.T.: animal ecology

Emerson, Alfred E., 1955. Geographical origins and dispersions of termite genera. Fieldiana: Zoology 37: 465-521.

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Epstein, Hellmut (revised in collaboration with Ian L. Mason), 1971. The Origin of the Domestic Animals of Africa. New York: Africana Publishing Corporation. 2 vols.

Fager, Edward W., 1972. Diversity: A sampling study. American Naturalist 106(949): 293-310. A.T.: rarefaction; Sanders; diversity indices

Fager, Edward W., & John A. McGowan, 1963. Zooplankton species groups in the North Pacific. Science 140: 453-460. A.T.: water masses; water temperature; water salinity

Falla, Robert A., 1960. Oceanic birds as dispersal agents. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 152(949): 655-659. A.T.: long distance dispersal; seeds; New Zealand

Fell, H. Barraclough, 1962. West-wind-drift dispersal of echinoderms in the Southern Hemisphere. Nature 193(4817): 759-761.

_____, 1967. Cretaceous and Tertiary surface currents of the oceans. Oceanography and Marine Biology, An Annual Review 5: 317-341. A.T.: paleogeography; ocean circulation

*Ferguson, Robert G., 1958. The preferred temperature of fish and their midsummer distribution in temperate lakes and streams. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 15(4): 607-624.

*Fischer, Alfred G., 1960. Latitudinal variations in organic diversity. Evolution 14(1): 64-81. A.T.: molluscs; latitudinal diversity gradients; climatic change

Fisher, David R., 1968. A study of faunal resemblance using numerical taxonomy and factor analysis. Systematic Zoology 17(1): 48-63. A.T.: Kansas; vertebrates; areography; quantitative methods

Fisher, James, Noel Simon, & Jack Vincent, 1969. Wildlife in Danger. New York: Viking Press. 368 pp. A.T.: endangered species; wildlife conservation; extinction

Fittkau, Ernst J., Joachim H. Illies, Hans Klinge, G. H. Schwabe, & Harald Sioli, eds., 1968, 1969. Biogeography and Ecology in South America. The Hague: W. Junk, Monographiae Biologicae Vols. 18 & 19. 2 vols.

Fleming, Charles A., 1962. History of the New Zealand land bird fauna. Notornis 9(8): 270-274.

*_____, 1962. New Zealand biogeography: A paleontologist's approach. Tuatara 10(2): 53-108.

_____, 1962. The extinction of moas and other animals during the Holocene Period. Notornis 10(3): 113-117.

_____, 1975. The geological history of New Zealand and its biota. In G. Kuschel, ed., Biogeography and Ecology in New Zealand (The Hague: Junk, Monographiae Biologicae Vol. 27): 1-86.

*Fleming, Theodore H., 1973. Numbers of mammal species in North and Central American forest communities. Ecology 54(3): 555-563. A.T.: latitudinal diversity gradients; community ecology; regional biogeography

Flenley, John R., 1973. The use of modern pollen rain samples in the study of the vegetational history of tropical regions. In Harry J. B. Birks & R. G. West, eds., Quaternary Plant Ecology (Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific; New York: Wiley): 131-141.

Flessa, Karl W., 1975. Area, continental drift and mammalian diversity. Paleobiology 1(2): 189-194. A.T.: paleobiogeography; species-area relation

*Flint, Richard F., 1957. Glacial and Pleistocene Geology. New York: John Wiley & Sons; London: Chapman & Hall. 553 pp. A.T.: glaciology; glacial epoch

*_____, 1971. Glacial and Quaternary Geology. New York: Wiley. 892 pp. A.T.: glaciology; glacial epoch

Florin, Rudolf [1894-1965], 1963. The distribution of conifer and taxad genera in time and space. Acta Horti Bergiani 20(4): 121-312. A.T.: gymnosperms; phytogeography; paleobiogeography

Fooden, Jack, 1972. Breakup of Pangaea and isolation of relict mammals in Australia, South America, and Madagascar. Science 175: 894-898. A.T.: continental drift; macroevolution; paleobiogeography

Fosberg, F. Raymond [1908-1993], ed., 1963. Man's Place in the Island Ecosystem: A Symposium. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. 264 pp.

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_____, 1965. The Evolution of the Mammals of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Victoria, BC: British Columbia Provincial Museum, Occasional Papers No. 14. 130 pp.

Frankel, Otto H., 1974. Genetic conservation: Our evolutionary responsibility. Genetics 78(1): 53-65. A.T.: anthropogenic factors; plant domestication; crop varieties; genetic resources

French, Norman R., Theodore Y. Tagami, & Page Hayden, 1968. Dispersal in a population of desert rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 49(2): 272-280. A.T.: Perognathus; Dipodomys; Nevada; home range  JSTOR

Frenkel, Robert E., 1970. Ruderal Vegetation Along Some California Roadsides. Berkeley: Univ. of California Publications in Geography Vol. 20. 163 pp. A.T.: weeds; introduced species; anthropogenic factors; dispersal

Frenzel, Burkhard, 1968. The Pleistocene vegetation of Northern Eurasia. Science 161: 637-649. A.T.: climatic factors; glacial epoch

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Fridriksson, Sturla, 1975. Surtsey: Evolution of Life on a Volcanic Island. London: Butterworth. 198 pp.

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*Fryer, Geoffrey, & T. D. Iles, 1972. The Cichlid Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa: Their Biology and Evolution. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; Neptune City, NJ: T. F. H. Publications. 641 pp.

Gabriel, K. Ruben, & Robert R. Sokal, 1969. A new statistical approach to geographic variation analysis. Systematic Zoology 18(3): 259-278. A.T.: quantitative methods; character variation

Gade, Daniel W., 1967. The guinea pig in Andean folk culture. Geographical Review 57(2): 213-224. A.T.: Cavia; cultural biogeography; domesticated species

_____, 1975. Plants, Man and the Land in the Vilcanota Valley of Peru. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk, Biogeographica Vol. 6. 240 pp. A.T.: cultural biogeography

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*Gates, David M., 1962. Energy Exchange in the Biosphere. New York: Harper & Row. 151 pp.

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Gates, Gordon E., 1966. Requiem--for megadrile utopias. A contribution toward the understanding of the earthworm fauna of North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 79: 239-254. A.T.: introduced species; anthropogenic factors; regional faunas

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George, Wilma B., 1962. Animal Geography. London: Heinemann. 142 pp. A.T.: zoogeography

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Gerking, Shelby D., 1959. The restricted movement of fish populations. Biological Reviews 34(2): 221-242. A.T.: homing; animal behavior; home range

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Gibson, L. B., 1966. Some unifying characteristics of species diversity. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research 17(4): 117-124. A.T.: benthos; foraminifera; environmental factors

Gibson, Thomas G., & Martin A. Buzas, 1973. Species diversity: Patterns in modern and Miocene foraminifera of the eastern margin of North America. Geological Society of America Bull. 84(1): 217-238. A.T.: latitudinal diversity gradients; North Atlantic

Gilbert, Lawrence E., & Michael C. Singer, 1973. Dispersal and gene flow in a butterfly species. American Naturalist 107(953): 58-72. A.T.: Euphydryas; population biology

Gill, Edmund D., 1975. Evolution of Australia's unique flora and fauna in relation to the plate tectonics theory. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 87(2): 215-234.

Gillett, George W., 1972. The role of hybridization in the evolution of the Hawaiian flora. In David H. Valentine, ed., Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Evolution (London & New York: Academic Press): 205-219. A.T.: dispersal

Gislén, Torsten, & Hans Kauri, 1959. Zoogeography of the Swedish amphibians and reptiles, with notes on their growth and ecology. Acta Vertebratica (Stockholm) 1(3): 199-397. A.T.: regional biogeography; regional faunas

Gleason, Henry A. [1882-1975], & Arthur Cronquist, 1964. The Natural Geography of Plants. New York & London: Columbia Univ. Press. 420 pp.

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Goldstein, Edward L., 1975. Island biogeography of ants. Evolution 29(4): 750-762. A.T.: Connecticut; Long Island Sound; species-area relations

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Gorman, George C., & Leonard Atkins, 1969. The zoogeography of Lesser Antillean Anolis lizards; an analysis based upon chromosomes and lactic dehydrogenases. Bull. of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 138(3): 53-80. A.T.: phylogenetics

Gould, Stephen Jay, & Richard F. Johnston, 1972. Geographic variation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 3: 457-498. A.T.: character variation; quantitative methods; systematics

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Graham, Alan, 1964. Origin and evolution of the biota of southeastern North America: Evidence from the fossil plant record. Evolution 18(4): 571-585. A.T.: paleobotany; Cretaceous; Tertiary; Pleistocene

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_____, 1973. History of the arborescent temperate element in the northern Latin American biota. In Alan Graham, ed., Vegetation and Vegetational History of Northern Latin America (Amsterdam & New York: Elsevier Scientific): 301-314. A.T.: paleobiogeography

Grant, Peter R., 1965. The adaptive significance of some size trends in island birds. Evolution 19(3): 355-367. A.T.: North America; island life; character variation; island biogeography

_____, 1966. Ecological compatibility of bird species on islands. American Naturalist 100(914): 451-462. A.T.: island biogeography; congeners; Tres Marías Islands; species-area relation

_____, 1968. Bill size, body size, and the ecological adaptations of bird species to competitive situations on islands. Systematic Zoology 17(3): 319-333. A.T.: island life; island biogeography

_____, 1970. Colonization of islands by ecologically dissimilar species of mammals. Canadian Journal of Zoology 48(3): 545-553. A.T.: rodents; island biogeography

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Greenbank, D. O., 1956. The role of climate and dispersal in the initiation of outbreaks of the spruce budworm in New Brunswick. I. The role of climate. Canadian Journal of Zoology 34(5): 453-476.

Greenslade, P. J. M., 1968. Island patterns in the Solomon Islands bird fauna. Evolution 22(4): 751-761. A.T.: island biogeography; endemism

Greenway, James C., Jr., 1958. Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World. New York: American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, Special Publication No. 13. 518 pp. (2nd ed.: 1967) A.T.: endangered species

Greenwood, Peter H., 1974. The Cichlid Fishes of Lake Victoria, East Africa: The Biology and Evolution of a Species Flock. London: Bull. of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, Supplement 6. 134 pp.

Greer, Allen E., 1970. A subfamilial classification of scincid lizards. Bull. of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 139(3): 151-183. A.T.: skinks; phylogeography

Greiner, Gary O. G., 1974. Environmental Factors Controlling the Distribution of Recent Benthonic Foraminifera. Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Univ., Breviora No. 420. 35 pp. A.T.: ecological biogeography; Gulf of Mexico; regional biogeography

Gressitt, J. Linsley, 1956. Some distribution patterns of Pacific island faunae. Systematic Zoology 5(1): 11-32, 47. A.T.: insects; regional biogeography; isolation

_____, 1961. Problems in the zoogeography of Pacific and Antarctic insects. Pacific Insects Monograph 2: 1-94.

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_____, ed., 1967. Entomology of Antarctica. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Antarctic Research Series Vol. 10. 395 pp. A.T.: regional faunas

_____, 1970. Subantarctic entomology and biogeography. In J. Linsley Gressitt, ed., Subantarctic Entomology, Particularly of South Georgia and Heard Island (Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum Entomology Dept., Pacific Insects Monograph 23): 295-374.

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Gressitt, J. Linsley, & Carl M. Yoshimoto, 1963. Dispersal of animals in the Pacific. In J. Linsley Gressitt, ed., Pacific Basin Biogeography; A Symposium (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press): 283-292.

Greuter, Werner, 1972. The relict element of the flora of Crete and its evolutionary significance. In David H. Valentine, ed., Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Evolution (London & New York: Academic Press): 161-177. A.T.: island biogeography

Grey, Marion, 1956. The distribution of fishes found below a depth of 2000 meters. Fieldiana: Zoology 36(2): 73-337. A.T.: bathypelagic fishes; deep-abyssal fauna

*Grime, J. Philip, 1973. Control of species density in herbaceous vegetation. Journal of Environmental Management 1: 151-167. A.T.: intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Grubb, Peter J., 1971. Interpretation of the 'Massenerhebung' effect on tropical mountains. Nature 229(5279): 44-45. A.T.: rain forest; altitudinal zonation; environmental factors

Grubb, Peter J., & Timothy C. Whitmore, 1966. A comparison of montane and lowland rain forest in Ecuador. II. The climate and its effects on the distribution and physiognomy of the forests. Journal of Ecology 54(2): 303-333. A.T.: temperature; environmental factors

Guilday, John E., 1963. Pleistocene zoogeography of the lemming, Dicrostonyx. Evolution 17(2): 194-197. A.T.: glacial relicts

Gunter, Gordon, 1956. Some relations of faunal distributions to salinity in estuarine waters. Ecology 37(3): 616-619. A.T.: Gulf of Mexico

Guthrie, R. Dale, 1970. Bison evolution and zoogeography in North America during the Pleistocene. Quarterly Review of Biology 45(1): 1-15. A.T.: glacial epoch

Haas, Peter H., 1975. Some comments on use of the species-area curve. American Naturalist 109(967): 371-373. A.T.: fishes; North America

Hadley, Neil F., ed., 1975. Environmental Physiology of Desert Organisms. Stroudsburg, PA: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross. 283 pp. A.T.: physiological ecology; environmental factors

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_____, 1970. Geologic-climatic history and zoogeographic significance of the Urabá region in northwestern Columbia. Caldasia 10(50): 603-636. A.T.: paleogeography; regional biogeography

_____, 1974. Avian Speciation in Tropical South America, With a Systematic Survey of the Toucans (Ramphastidae) and Jacamars (Galbulidae). Cambridge, MA: Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club No. 14. 390 pp. A.T.: birds; historical biogeography

Hagmeier, Edwin M., 1966. A numerical analysis of the distributional patterns of North American mammals. II. Re-evaluation of the provinces. Systematic Zoology 15(4): 279-299. A.T.: quantitative methods; zoogeography; regional biogeography

Hagmeier, Edwin M., & C. Dexter Stults, 1964. A numerical analysis of the distributional patterns of North American mammals. Systematic Zoology 13(3): 125-155. A.T.: quantitative methods; zoogeography; regional biogeography

Hairston, Nelson G., 1951. Interspecies competition and its probable influence upon the vertical distribution of Appalachian salamanders of the genus Plethodon. Ecology 32(2): 266-274. A.T.: altitudinal factors

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Hall, Beryl P., & Reginald E. Moreau, 1970. An Atlas of Speciation in African Passerine Birds. London: British Museum (Natural History). 421 pp. A.T.: regional faunas

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Hallam, Anthony, 1967. The bearing of certain palaeozoogeographic data on continental drift. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 3(2): 201-241. A.T.: paleobiogeography; paleogeography

_____, 1971. Mesozoic geology and the opening of the North Atlantic. Journal of Geology 79(2): 129-157. A.T.: continental drift; paleogeography; sea-floor spreading

_____, 1973. A Revolution in the Earth Sciences: From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics. Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon Press. 127 pp.

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_____, 1975. Jurassic Environments. Cambridge, U.K., & New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. 269 pp. A.T.: paleoecology; paleobiogeography

Halvorson, William L., & Duncan T. Patten, 1974. Seasonal water potential changes in Sonoran desert shrubs in relation to topography. Ecology 55(1): 173-177. A.T.: Arizona; soil moisture; climatic factors

Hamilton, Terrell H., & Neal E. Armstrong, 1965. Environmental determination of insular variation in bird species abundance in the Gulf of Guinea. Nature 207(4993): 148-151. A.T.: island biogeography; mathematical models

Hamilton, Terrell H., & Ira Rubinoff, 1963. Isolation, endemism, and multiplication of species in the Darwin finches. Evolution 17(4): 388-403. A.T.: Galápagos Islands; species-area relation; island biogeography

_____, 1967. On predicting insular variation in endemism and sympatry for the Darwin finches in the Galápagos Archipelago. American Naturalist 101(918): 161-171. A.T.: adaptive radiation; isolation; island biogeography

Hamilton, Terrell H., Robert H. Barth, Jr., & Ira Rubinoff, 1964. The environmental control of insular variation in bird species abundance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 52(1): 132-140. A.T.: environmental factors; isolation; ecological diversity

Hamilton, Terrell H., Ira Rubinoff, Robert H. Barth, Jr., & Guy L. Bush, 1963. Species abundance: Natural regulation of insular variation. Science 142: 1575-1577. A.T.: Galápagos Islands; mathematical models; land plants

Hamilton, William J., III, & Kenneth E. F. Watt, 1970. Refuging. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1: 263-286. A.T.: dispersal; central place systems

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Hamrick, James L., & Robert W. Allard, 1972. Microgeographical variation in allozyme frequencies in Avena barbata. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 69(8): 2100-2104. geographic variation; California; natural selection

Hanson, Robert P., & Lars Karstad, 1959. Feral swine in the southeastern United States. Journal of Wildlife Management 23(1): 64-74. A.T.: introduced species  JSTOR

Harden Jones, F. R., 1968. Fish Migration. London: Edward Arnold; New York: St. Martin's Press. 325 pp. A.T.: animal behavior

*Hardin, Garrett, 1960. The competitive exclusion principle. Science 131: 1292-1297. A.T.: Lotka-Volterra principle; Grinnell; competition

*Harlan, Jack R., 1971. Agricultural origins: Centers and noncenters. Science 174: 468-474. A.T.: cultural biogeography; plant domestication; Africa; Near East; cultivated plants

_____, 1975. Our vanishing genetic resources. Modern varieties replace ancient populations that have provided genetic variability for plant breeding programs. Science 188: 618-621. A.T.: character variation; centers of diversity; genetic erosion

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Harrel, Richard C., Billy J. Davis, & Troy C. Dorris, 1967. Stream order an