Unless otherwise indicated, the English definitions are those of the translation of Cicero's Tusculan Disputations by J. E. King. The Latin terms are those found in Cicero.
Not all the psychological conditions we now call emotions or feelings will be found in the classes of passion below. You will not find the good feelings of the sage there: wish, caution, and joy. You will not find the preliminary impressions or pre-emotions (propatheia) to which even the wise person is subject. You will not find eros (sometimes translated as "sexual love," but in the wise person it does not include a desire for intercourse). Nor will you find physical pleasure or physical pain. These two phenomena are not passions according to the Stoa; they are indifferent values; the former is in accord with nature and the latter is contrary to nature.
The passions or disorders are agitations of the soul contrary to reason and to nature. (Cicero, Tusculan Disputations iv 11; Diogenes Laërtius, Lives of the Philosophers vii 10).
Greek: pathê; Latin: perturbationes.
The four principal genera of passions are (I) lust, (II) fear, (III) delight, (IV) distress
I. Lust (desire) -- disorder related to an apparent future good; def. a belief of prospective good and the subject of this thinks it advantageous to possess it at once upon the spot.
Greek: epithumia; Latin: libido.
| VARIETY OF LUST | DEFINITION | GREEK | LATIN |
| Anger | lust of punishing the person thought to have inflicted an undeserved injury | orgê | ira |
| Rage (a type of anger) | anger springing up and suddenly showing itself [21] | thumosis | excandescentia |
| Hate (a type of anger) | inveterate anger [21] | mênis | odium |
| Enmity (a type of anger) | anger watching [for] an opportunity for revenge [21] | misos | inimicitia |
| Wrath (a type of anger) | anger of greater bitterness conceived in innermost heart and soul [21] | - | discordia |
| Greed | insatiable lust [21] for money, distinctions, etc. [22] | spanis | indigentia |
| Longing | lust for beholding someone who is not present [21] | himeros | desiderium |
Greek: phobos; Latin: metus.
| VARIETY OF FEAR | DEFINITION | GREEK | LATIN |
| Sluggishness | Sluggishness -- fear of ensuing toil [19] | oknos | pigritia |
| Shame | Shame -- fear of disgrace [p. 347n2] | aischunê | pudor |
| Fright | Fright -- paralyzing fear which causes paleness, trembling and chattering of teeth [19] | ekplêxis | terror |
| Timidity | fear of approaching evil [19] | deima | timor |
| Consternation | fear upsetting the mental balance | - | pavor |
| Pusillanimity | fear following upon the heels of fright [19] | agonia | exanimatio |
| Bewilderment | lust for beholding someone who is not present [21] | thorubos | conturbatio |
| Faintheartedness | lasting fear [19] | - | formido |
III. Delight (pleasure as a pathos) -- disorder arising from presence of [an apparent] good; exuberant transport at having secured some coveted object [12]; def. newly formed belief of present good, and the subject things it right to feel enraptured [14].
Greek: hêdonê; Latin: laetitia.
| VARIETY OF DELIGHT | DEFINITION | GREEK | LATIN |
| Malice | delight derived from another's evil, which brings no advantage to oneself [20] | epikairekakia | malevolentia |
| Rapture | delight soothing the soul by charm of the sense of hearing (There are similar delights related to the other four sense-faculties) [20] | kêlêsis | delectatio |
| Ostentation | delight shown in outward demeanor and puffing oneself out extravagantly [20-21] | - | iactatio |
IV. Distress (pain as a pathos) -- disorder originating in distress at present evil [11-12]; def. a newly formed belief of present evil, the subject of which thinks it right to feel depression and shrinking of soul.
Greek: lupê. Latin: aegritudo.
| VARIETY OF DISTRESS | DEFINITION | GREEK | LATIN |
| Envy | distress incurred by reason of another's prosperity, though it does no harm to the envious person [16-17] | phthonos | invidentia |
| Rivalry | distress lest another be in possession of an object and one have to go without it oneself [16, 17-18] | zêlos | aemulatio |
| Jealousy | distress from the fact that the thing one has coveted is in the possession of the other person as well as one's own [16, 18] | zêlotupia | obrectatio |
| Compassion (pity) | distress from the wretchedness of another in undeserved suffering [16, 18] | eleos | misericordia |
| Anxiety | oppressive distress [18] | achtheos | angor |
| Mourning | distress arising from an untimely death of a beloved object | - | luctus |
| Sadness | tearful distress [18] | - | maeror |
| Trouble | burdensome distress [18] | odunê | aerumna |
| Grief | torturing distress | - | dolor (note) |
| Lamenting | distress accompanied by wailing | - | lamentatio |
| Depression | distress accompanied by brooding | - | sollicitudo |
| Vexation | lasting distress | ania | molestia |
| Pining | distress accompanied by bodily suffering [18] | enochlesis | adflictatio |
| Despondency | distress without any prospect of amelioration [18-19] | - | desperatio |